Buddhism Breaks Apart Essay example - 1402 Words

Buddhism Breaks Apart Buddhism is the religion of spiritual enlightenment through the suppressing of one’s worldly desires. Buddhism takes one on the path of a spiritual journey, to become one with their soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. Founded in 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama; Theravada Buddhism is the first branch of Buddhism; it was a flourishing religion in India before the invasions by the Huns and the Muslims, and Mahayana Buddhism formed due to new locations, it was altered according to local influences. Buddhists believe that Buddha is not a deity, but just an ideal guide to reach enlightenment in order to get closer to God. Buddha was born of a virgin mother Queen Mayadevi.†¦show more content†¦Traveling the world in search of answers Buddha became exhausted and discouraged; Buddha sat down beneath a papal tree, and vowed that he wouldn’t move until he had reached enlightenment. After forty days without food or water, Buddha finally reached an enlightened state. Buddhism was formed in 525 B.C. when Buddha achieved enlightenment. After obtaining enlightenment, Buddha formed the basic beliefs for his followers. The four noble truths are the early doctrines of Buddhism, Dukhka, Trishna, Nirvana, and Eightfold Path.†(Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition pg 3)† Enlightenment can only be reached through these steps. When one acknowledges suffering to be a part of life, they learn to deal with pain. If one is, suffering then there is always a reason behind it, namely craving or attachment to material objects. There is a cessation or pause of suffering, and that leads to the eightfold path if one has the right view, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. During the remaining forty-five years, Buddha spent his life traveling teaching others how to gain enlightenment. During Buddha’s life, his teachings were recorded orally, and it wasn’t until after his death that the teachings were written down. There was confusion in how accurate the text scriptures were, and so out of the eighteen early Buddhist schools Theravada Buddhism was chosen. The Theravada Buddhist school’sShow MoreRelatedHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreIndia s Caste System : How Were They Alike?1640 Words   |  7 PagesLinkin g to today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg 5 Buddhism/Hinduism: Compare and Contrast†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..pg 6-7 The Great Emperor: Asoka...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg 8-9 Harappa and Mohenjo Daro civilizations: How were they alike? Two civilizations grew along the Indus River about 3000BCE and existed for around 1500 years. These two Indian civilizations were called the Harappan and Mohenjo Daro civilizations. Even though these two were 300 miles apart they still were very alike. Both of theseRead MoreJainas Will Define Samsara As The Exact Same As Buddhists1232 Words   |  5 PagesJains, samsara takes place in a vast but finite universe called the loka. The pressing importance of samsara in Jainism isn’t as clear as it is in Buddhism. Jains rest their belief of samsara on a clean soul (jiva), unlike direct results of karma in Buddhism. For example, the story of Mrgaputra’s plea to his parents, where he begs to no longer be apart of the cycle of birth and rebirth. Mrgaputra says, â€Å"†¦an infinite number of times I have suffered without hope†¦In every kind of existence I have sufferedRead MoreThe Mahayana Buddhist Tradition And The Teachings Of The Bodhisattva1604 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary view of moral practice. Apart from Buddhist traditions, more contemporary moral theories draw out ideal approaches towards altruistic acts. When speaking of a person performing such acts, we might consider them a ‘do-gooder’, similarly a more controversial do-gooder takes morality to an extreme extent that might be considered ‘saintly’ (in either a secular or non-secular way). What I want to focus on in this paper is the notion of moral theory in Mahayana Buddhism and, in particular, the practicesRead MoreReligion : An Aspect Of Our World1744 Words   |  7 PagesFrancesca Krupp Final Paper Dr. Land-Closson 27 April, 2016 Religion, for many is an aspect of our world that can bring people together, or in many cases, tear people apart. It can cause vast violence, or everlasting peace within civilizations. Religion defines the lives of many, governing how they live and the moral code that they choose to follow. However, Religion to em has always simply been what I was raised in. I grew up a cradle catholic, meaning from the day I took my first breathe, to theRead MoreThe United States1547 Words   |  7 Pagesdecided to take up the discipline called the Middle Path; this is neither pleasure nor pain. He finally started to see results while on the middle path. He sat under a tree called the Bodhi Tree, where he encountered many temptations, before he had a break through, that helped opened his eyes to the realization, he was no longer victim to the suffering of human life. After this he became a Buddha, someone, who has been â€Å"enlightened† or someone who wake up from ignorance that binds peopl e in the sufferingRead MoreWorld Religion Studies of Siddhartha or the Buddha1344 Words   |  5 Pagesenlightenment, but he was not without temptation and disruption. As he sat, he was tempted by The Evil One, Mara, by desire, death, and challenge. Desperate to keep Siddhartha from concentration, Mara used the desire of three goddesses, but failed to break through his meditation. Then, she decided to threaten his life with the destruction of flaming rocks, however, that also did not work, since the rocks became flower petals from Siddhartha’s strong, mystic concentration. Mara’s last disruption was challengingRead MoreThe True Self : The Story Of Nachiketas, By The Katha Upanishad1640 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Hindu and Buddhist theory, when a person dies, he or she â€Å"is,† because while our physical bodies may cease to exist, the true self – the Atman – is an entity apart from body, mind and soul, which, as Brahman, will always be. In the story of Nachiketas, as told in the Katha Upanishad, a young yogi ventures to the dwelling of Yama, the God of Death, who grants him three boons, or favors, of his choosing. The third favor which Nachiketas asks of Yama, however, is to know the answer to hisRead MoreThe United States Is One Of The Most Culturally Diverse1557 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the body not be disturbed or moved in order to go through the final process of death. In Japan, healthcare related beliefs, values, and perceptions are deeply influence by their religions. The two dominant religions in Japan are Shintoism and Buddhism. Unlike citizens in the United States, Japanese do believe in more than one religion at the same time. In order to understand the background of the Japanese religions, it is necessary to know and understand how it developed. Religion plays a majorRead MoreHuman Nature Is Good Or Bad?1484 Words   |  6 Pagesbad. The assortment of approaches to comprehend human nature is communica ted likewise in various world religions. In Hinduism and Buddhism human nature is somewhat comprehended from the viewpoint of the self as a major aspect of all that seems to be, and given the undertaking of turning into the non-self. Like other pantheistic religions, both Hinduism and Buddhism certify that individuals are identified with all that is and, all the while, how the self is basically divine. Past the exact human

Analysis Of The Poem The Arms - 1119 Words

She walked back to her grandmother’s cottage after she spent the night in Kendrick’s arms. His home was about a mile up the coast from her grandmother’s cottage. As she entered the cozy cottage, she was met with the smells of Scottish brown bread baking, in her Seanmhair’s oven. The fragrant aroma of fresh bread took her back to her childhood summers in Scotland with her grandmother. She loved her Seanmhair’s wonderful Scot’s country cooking and her folk tales, she just hadn’t realized that some of the tales weren’t fiction. As Aileana moved to give her Seanmhair a morning hug and kiss, Skye eyed her and said, â€Å"What has placed that smile upon yer face? Are ye just getting in or were ye up early and just returned from a walk? This old lady is curious and wants to ken what mah Ban-ogha is doing this bonnie morning.† Aileana sat at the small square table near the fireplace with her grandmother to enjoy their breakf ast of warm brown bread with fresh sweet butter, Lorne sausage, and eggs. She chuckled to herself, thinking the Scot’s sure know how to eat, and they eat big at breakfast time. She would have to make sure she got a daily jog in to keep from getting big as a walrus. It wasn’t too hard to enjoy running on the beach next to the cliffs, and it was a fantastic way to keep the weight in check and the heart healthy after the substantial Scots meals. But now was the time to talk to her Seanmhair about her stories of the Selkies. Aileana needed to find outShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Arms 1870 Words   |  8 PagesProtect her, a familiar voice said. Protect who? He questioned himself as an image of a baby appeared in his arms. This is my daughter, a blond man who stood in front of him, said. He stared down at the baby, uncomfortably. For now on, your life s mission is to protect her. The blond man and the baby faded as another man appeared before him. Your life s mission is to protect H.Y.D.R.A s causes. Your life before now, no longer exists. You are the Asset or Soldier. You will not beRead MoreCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy1660 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy I. Introduction: 1. Introducing what is going to be discussed in the paper (analysis of Arms and the Boy , its relation to one of Owens poem). 2. Thesis Statement : Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy can be discussed to represent the horror of war. II. Body: 1. Owen was a soldier and a modern poet who was known as anti-war poet. A. A summary of Owens poetry in general . B. His representation of the horror of war in his poems. 2. Arms andRead MoreAnalysis Of Her Kind By Anne Sexton749 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Her Kind†: The Experience of a Woman The poem â€Å"Her Kind† by Anne Sexton describes different scenarios of a woman. In the poem, Anne Sexton uses three different characters to explain that she has been each of them in some way. Society places a gender role on what women are allowed to be and how they should behave, condemning the women who do not conform, trying to change them into society’s perfect view of what a woman should be. While this poem shows the author describing herself in terms of theRead More Analysis of A World Where News Traveled Slowly by Lavinia Greenlaw821 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of A World Where News Traveled Slowly by Lavinia Greenlaw Lavinia Greenlaw’s nostalgic poem â€Å"A World Where News Traveled Slowly,† captivates readers with its brilliant description of the evolution of communication. The poem is chronologically ordered, giving us the effect of how communication moved through the ages. The modern poem is written in three stanzas each describing a different form of communication. Starting from the time when electronics never existed Read More Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay: An Analysis846 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The general fragmentation of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is obvious. The poem seems a perfect example of what Terry Eagleton calls the modern transition from metaphor to metonymy: unable any longer to totalize his experience in some heroic figure, the bourgeois is forced to let it trickle away into objects related to him by sheer contiguity. Everything in Prufrock trickles away into parts related to one another only by contiguityRead MoreAnalysis of Saint Judas1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe analysis of James Wright’s Saint Judas Saint Judas was written by James Wright at the end of the 60s. Considering the format this poem can be regarded as a traditional Petrarchan sonnet with a rhyme of ababcdcdefgefg; however, the content of this poem and the way it was written is different. In this poem James Wright tried to mix the dramatic monologue with the Petrarchan sonnet, which is usually written in poet’s tone. Instead in this poem, the speaker is Judas: this enables the revealingRead MoreEssay about An Analysis of Komanuyakaa Facing It1002 Words   |  5 Pages An Analysis of Facing It  Ã‚      Yusef Komanuyakaas poem Facing It is a brutal examination of the affects that war leaves upon men. The reader can assume that Komanuyakaa drew upon his own experiences in Vietnam, thereby making the poem a personal statement. However, the poem is also a universal and real description of the pain that comes about for a soldier when remembering the horror of war. He creates the poems persona by using flashbacks to the war, thereby informing the readerRead More An Analysis of Wright’s Poem Saint Judas Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analysis of Wright’s Poem Saint Judas      Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon reading the poem Saint Judas by James Wright, the reader quickly realizes that the poem deals with Judas Iscariot, one of Jesus twelve apostles.   The author describes Judas as going out to kill himself,(line 1) when he sees a man being beaten by a pack of hoodlums(2).   Judas quickly runs to help the man, forgetting how [his] day began(4).   He leaves his rope behind and, ignoring the soldiers around him, runs to help.   Finally, heRead MoreAnalysis Of If You Forget Me By Pablo Neruda1027 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships,contains emotions that both partner share for each other,when conflict begins to arise animosity causes   the separation within   the relationship from those two people.This may or may not leave mutual feeling for each other.However,within the poem â€Å"IF You Forget Me†by Pablo Neruda emanates the message,regardless of what may had happened between you and someone else in a intimate relationship the bond between them will ei ther last forever or disappear between each other.But, no matter what theRead MoreEssay on Good vs Evil in Beowulf1568 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant focal point. Although the epic poem Beowulf utilizes many characteristics of Christian themes, the violence in the poem relates to paganism. By exploring the characteristics of â€Å"good vs. evil† such as Cain, Grendel and Beowulf, this paper will explore the elements of Beowulf in such a light. The Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf, was originally told orally then later was written down anonymously in the Old English language. It is not known who or whom wrote this poem down. What we do know is that Beowulf

Renaissance Free Essays

string(112) " to admit the original dispensation Pope Julius II had granted for their marriage was illegal \(Soppy, 2009, p\." Italy before spreading to the rest of Europe. The Italian peninsula, positioned within the Mediterranean Sea, enabled the city-states and principalities to become major centers of trade and commerce. Venice, located on the northeastern coast of Italy, was known as the Queen of the Adriatic and had the busiest Italian maritime port (Soppy, 2009, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now 66). Even inland cities such as Rome and Florence were able to benefit from Italy’s natural features. Florence had a port fifty miles away at the mouth of the Aaron River, which flowed through the heart of city providing inland access to merchants (Soppy, 2009, p. 52). Italy’s prime geographical location led it to be the first port of call for goods and ideas. Italy also differed from the rest of Europe politically. Countries such as England, Spain, and France were ruled by monarchs while Italy (with a few exceptions) consisted of city-states where power was shared among prominent families. It was within these city-states that the dynamic political atmosphere could nurture the Renaissance movement (Cook, 2014). In Florence, the Medici family was able to dominate the city for much of the fifteenth century. The Medici family were patron to many artists, musicians, philosophers, and architects. Cosmic De’ Medici had a hand in erecting many of the structures in Florence, believing the rich should give back to their communities (Soppy, 2009, p. 53). Many prominent families throughout Italy commissioned public art to display their wealth and power. What is more, the vigorous humanist movement helped the Renaissance establish strong roots in Italy. According to Soppy (2009), humanism can be defined as a movement that encouraged the study of the form and content of classical learning and that movement was the core of the Renaissance (p. 71 â€Å"Italian society was characterized by a revival of antiquity, specifically the classical world of Greece and Rome† (Krebs, 2009). Renaissance humanists were fascinated with the study of ancient Greece and Rome, and civic humanists played a significant role of putting their knowledge of the classics to practical use for their communities. Ultimately, Italy’s abundant wealth is what would stimulate the development of the Renaissance. During the fifteenth century, Europe depended on Italy for much of its commerce (Cook, 2014). This enabled the Italians to take the lead in areas such as banking, trade, and manufacturing, and therefore became â€Å"the most urbanize and prosperous people of Europe† (Soppy, 2009, p. ). Italians were able to use their wealth and prosperity to support the arts. Italy was fortunate to have several factors working to promote the growth of the Renaissance. Were it not for Tit’s favorable geography, unique political climate, progressive social movements, and healthy economy, the Renaissance may not have had the success and advancem ents that it enjoyed during the fourteenth and fifteenth century. 2. Compare and contrast the motives and actions of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England in bringing about religious change during the Reformation. How were they different? Did they share any similarities? In Europe, the sixteenth century was a time of tremendous change. The most revolutionary event was the Reformation. Martin Luther and King Henry VIII of England had different motives, but both brought about religious change during the Reformation. Martin Luther was born in the German states in 1483 to Hans and Margaret. Hans Luther was a miner, and Martin grew up in a working-class household. Lather’s parents, determined for him to become a lawyer, enrolled him in the local school in 1492 (soppy, 2009, p. 165). Luther attended the university of Revert in 1501 here he studied the typical liberal arts curriculum, receiving his Bachelors degree in 1 502 and Master’s in 1 505 (History. Com Staff, 2009). One day, ether’s whole life changed when he was nearly struck by lightning. Luther swore he would become a monk if he made it through the storm and days later joined the Sustaining Hermit monastery. At the age of thirty-four, Martin Luther became convinced he found the answer to the question that had troubled him for many years. Luther believed that faith in God, rather than good works, was the key to achieving grace. During the same period the Catholic Church was selling indulgences, instead of having people do good works, with the promise that it would shorten the amount of time they spent in purgatory (Soppy, 2009, p. 167). Because Luther believed God saved people through his gift of faith, he saw the sale of indulgences as a corrupt practice by the Catholic Church. When Luther nailed the â€Å"Ninety-Five Theses† to the church door, he had hoped to start an academic debate (Soppy, 2009, p. 168). He had no idea they would spark the Reformation. King Henry VIII was born in 1491 at Greenwich Palace in England. He was the second son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York (BBC History, 2014). Henry VII was required to get a special papal dispensation from pope Julius II in order for his son to be able to marry Catherine of Argon, the widow of Henrys older brother Arthur (Soppy, 2009, p. 229). King Henry VIII married Catherine and began his reign in 1509. In 1 527, after eighteen years of marriage, Henry wanted a divorce from Queen Catherine (Soppy, 2009, p. 229). She had only been able to bear him one surviving child, a daughter, and he desperately wanted a male heir. Martin Luther and King Henry Vic’s motives for reform came from entirely efferent sources. Luther disagreed with the papacy over the doctrine that allowed the selling of indulgences. He also believed that salvation was achieved by faith alone. Coming from a working-class background, Luther did not want to see the congregation being taken advantage of by the clergy. Henry VIII wanted to separate from the Catholic Church because he desired to marry Anne Bobble, who promised to bear him sons (Soppy, 2009, p. 231). King Henry asked pope Clement VII to grant him an annulment. Pope Clement refused because he was unwilling to admit the original dispensation Pope Julius II had granted for their marriage was illegal (Soppy, 2009, p. You read "Renaissance" in category "Papers" 31). Henry split from the church to fulfill his matrimonial plans and to take the wealthy lands of all the English monasteries. Unlike Luther, King Henrys motives for reform were purely selfish. Both Martin Luther and Henry VIII achieved separation from the Catholic Church. While Luther separated while trying to reform due to his dissatisfaction with corrupt church practices, Henry VIII separated purposefully for his selfish desires. Although they were very different men, Martin Luther and King Henry VIII were both influential in he Reformation movement, and their actions can still be felt today. . Analyze the aims, methods, and degree of success of the Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) in the sixteenth century. What did the Catholic Church do to reform itself and respond to the spread of Protestantism? In what ways did it both succeed and fail in achieving its goals? At the start of the sixteenth century, people such as John Calvin and Martin Luther began questioning the practices of the Catholic Church. By challenging the church doctrine with his â€Å"Ninety-Five Theses†, Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation. By the mid-sixteenth century, the papacy realized it needed to reform church practices and respond to the Protestant challenge. The Counter-Reformation was a way for the Roman Catholic Church to re-establish itself. The aim of the Counter-Reformation in Europe was to end the Protestant Reformation and rebuild the power of the Catholic Church through reform, religious orders, and education. The Counter- Reformation was successful in saving the integrity of the Roman Catholic Church, but states where the government adopted Protestantism remained. In order for the pope to succeed in reforming the Catholic Church, he would deed support. Pope Paul Ill called the Council of Trend in December of 1545 (History Learning Site, 2014). Although it took eighteen years to conclude, the Council of Trend proved to be the most important church council in a thousand years (Soppy, 2009, p. 264). The reform council was intended to examine doctrine and reform, and was responsible for the reaffirmation and clarification of major church doctrines. In order to please the Protestants, Charles V wanted abuses looked at in hopes it would bring them back to the church (History Learning Site, 2014). The council admitted to corrupt practices thin the church and took stern measures to correct them. New laws were put in place to combat pluralism, simony, nepotism, immorality, and ignorance (Soppy, 2009, p. 265). Priests were no longer allowed to avoid church services with the reform of absenteeism. Also, the selling Of indulgences was banned. While the church had gone through many reform councils, the Council of Trend was unique in the fact that so many of its decrees were carried out and actual change was taking place in the church (Soppy, 2009, p. 265). The Council of Trend helped to solve internal problems of the Catholic Church. To improve the Catholic standing within the communities, a number of new religious orders started during the Counter- Reformation. While the founding of religious orders traditionally brought about renewal and reform for the Catholic Church, pope Innocent Ill discouraged their establishment in 121 5 in order to gain greater control over the papacy (Soppy, 2009, p. 256). The first new order established was the Thinness. The Thinness were advocates for improvement of the Catholic Church and set an example of how good priests should live and work (History Learning Site, 2014). The Ursine was an order for women that promoted he education of women and children. Even some older orders responded by modernizing themselves (History Learning Site, 2014). Education proved to be a prominent aid as well in the Catholic Reformation. Igniting Loyola founded the Society of Jesus in 1540. Loyola ensured the Jesuits were highly disciplined, and education was at the heart of the movement (History Learning Site, 2014). After many years Of training, a Jesuit Was considered prepared to carry out his work. By Alloy’s death in 1 556, there were thirty- five Jesuit colleges throughout Europe as a base for the Counter-Reformation ND the society had grown to about one thousand members (Soppy, 2009, p. 260). In the sixteenth century, the Catholic Reformation began when the Roman Catholic Church was at risk of losing its religious control in Europe. The Counter-Reformation succeeded in reducing the spread of Protestantism in Europe and was able to renew the face of Catholicism by reforming and educating the clergy, and initiating new religious orders. 4. While women were often not allowed public roles during the Renaissance and Reformation periods, there were some examples of powerful or influential women in reorient public and leadership roles. Choose three of the following and discuss the roles these women played in shaping the society and culture of their age: Queen Elizabeth I, Catherine Domenici, SST. Teresa of Avail, Christine De Pizza, Artemisia Gentiles. During the Renaissance and Reformation period, women were often not allowed to pursue public roles. Opportunities for women were severely restricted, and few had a chance to receive a proper education. Fortunately, there are a few examples of powerful or influential women such as Queen Elizabeth l, Christine De Pizza, and Artemisia Gentiles, who played prominent roles in shaping the society and culture of their age. Queen Elizabeth of England was the first daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Bobble. Elizabeth ascended the throne in 1558, and she ruled for nearly 45 years. Young Elizabeth acted swiftly, after taking the reins from her sister, to address the pressing issue of religion. At her first session in parliament, Queen Elizabeth called for the passage of the Act Of Supremacy, which re-established the Church of England (The Biography. Mom website, 2014). Elizabeth took a more moderate stance, hoping to appeal to both Protestants and Catholics. The Elizabethan settlement permitted the clergy to marry, but also continued the traditional Episcopal system (Soppy, 2009, p. 244). Her reign is sometimes known as the Golden Age because of Elizabethan us port of the arts. According to Sopp y (2009), the England of Queen Elizabeth featured remarkable literary talents such as William Shakespeare, the dramatist Christopher Marlowe, and poets Edmund Spencer, Sir Philip Sidney and his sister Mary (p. 46). When Spain set its sights on England, the English navy was able to defeat the infamous Spanish Armada in 1588 (The Biography-corn website, 2014). Elizabeth also sponsored new efforts for colonization of the New World. Queen Elizabeth provided England with a long period of stability and consistency. Christine De Pizza was an influential writer who advocated women’s rights during the Northern Renaissance. As Soppy (2009) explains, few French writers had such a significant impact on the modern world as Christine De Pizza (p. 41 Pizza was not only the first woman to write professionally, but she was also the first feminist to be published (Soppy, 2009, p. 141 Pizza began writing to support her family after her father and husband died. Her most important work, The Book Of the City of Ladies, described a world in which women were capable of doing all the work necessary to run a city (Soppy, 2009, p. 143). The book was revolutionary and was written to combat the traditional ideas that people had about women’s nature. Christine De Pizza was an influential figure who proved women could be independent and have a voice in a man’s world. Artemisia Gentiles was one of the most prominent female artists of her time. Gentiles was trained by the renowned master Aggravating, who influenced her use of light and shade to heighten emotions and her strong ensue of composition (Soppy, 2009, p. 103). In 161 1, one of her teachers and a friend of her father’s, Stagnation Tasks, raped seventeen-year-old Gentiles. Gentiles maintained during the seven-month trial, in which she was tortured with thumbscrews that Tasks was guilty of the crime (Soppy, 2009, p. 103). This traumatic event also seems to have influenced the subject matter of her paintings. Gentiles clearly identified herself with Judith, a strong biblical heroine (Soppy, 2009, p. 104). Artemisia Genteelness’s extraordinary work helped other women artists to enter a male-dominated field. While women faced many difficulties during the Renaissance and Reformation period, some were able to overcome the obstacles. Queen Elizabeth l, Christine De Pizza, and Artemisia Gentiles all overcame personal and societal struggles and played significant roles in influencing the society and culture of their age. . Within the context of the Italian Renaissance, what was humanism, and what role did humanism and humanists play in Renaissance society and culture? In what ways did Italian Renaissance humanism differ from the humanism Of Northern Europe? For centuries, mankind looked to elision and the Catholic Church for guidance and answers. In the fourteenth century, when a cultural movement know n as the Renaissance began in Italy, the qualities of humanism became more prominent. Instead of seeking supernatural explanations, humanists were using scientific and rational analysis. Within the context of the Italian Renaissance, humanism was a movement that celebrated the revival of classical study. Humanism played a pivotal role in the Italian Renaissance, influencing society and culture through art, architecture, and literature. Humanism had a profound effect on art ring the Renaissance period. Painters and sculptors began to focus more on the beauty, especially of the male human body. Michelangelo David boldly glorifies the naked human body (Soppy, 2009, p. 111). David was no longer a small effeminate boy, but a giant muscular hero. Paintings such as Michelangelo The Last Judgment also show a sharp contrast to the Middle Ages. â€Å"Medieval depictions of the last judgment generally showed figures dressed according to their social rank with Christ, the Virgin, and the apostles enthroned in heaven (Soppy, 2009, p. 98). Michelangelo painting illustrates costly undressed figures grouped together around Christ. Michelangelo even included a self-portrait as SST. Bartholomew, who was flayed alive (Soppy, 2009, p. 98). The Renaissance period also Saw a rise in portraits. In the Middle Ages, to commission a portrait of oneself was considered prideful and vain (Soppy, 2009, p. 99). With humanism shaping the Renaissance, this all changed and prominent individuals wanted to be amortized in paintings and sculptures. Just as the paintings and sculptures became more beautiful during the Renaissance, so did the architecture. The architect Leon Battista Alberta â€Å"called for the building of beautiful cities worthy of humiliatingly inclined men and women of virtue† (Soppy, 2009, p. 112). Alberta felt that architecture should be a social art, and each building should be planned in relation to its social functions and setting (Soppy, 2009, p. 1 12). While architects still used and modified classical models, they felt free to make exciting innovations (Soppy, 2009, p. 87). Architecture Of the Renaissance boldly departed from medieval styles and conventions. Likewise, literature written during the Italian Renaissance was beginning to change. Writers such s Niccole Machiavelli attempted to understand human nature. While medieval political theorists were under the agreement that politics was a branch of ethics. Niccole Machiavelli in his political book The Prince argues that since people are basically bad, rulers may have to behave inappropriately as well (Soppy, 2009, p. 81). In addition to Latin, which was the language of the Church, humanist writers began to use the vernacular. Italian Renaissance humanism differed from the humanist movement that developed in Northern Europe. While both shared a revival of classical learning, northern humanists were driven by religious ideals. Northern humanists placed more of an emphasis on man being the highest of God’s creatures (Nickels, 2000). How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays How Did the Renaissance Change Man’s View of Man? The Renaissance was a period of big change peasants become more self-sufficient. More and in European history. It was a time of intellectual more serfs gained their freedom and no longer excitement, when art and literature blossomed depended on lords. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some freed serfs migrated and groundbreaking scientific advances were made. Over the course of about 300 years , the Renaissance spread from its home base in Italy to western and northern Europe. The effect was like a sunrise making its way across the land. To understand the changes the Renaissance produced, it helps to review what European society was like before it arrived. The time period before the Renaissance is usually called the Middle Ages, which stretched from the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 CE to about 1350. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope were the primary players in Europe. The custodians of culture -that is, the people who owned most of the books and made handwritten copies of the Bible -were priests who often lived a closed existence inside the walls of monasteries. School s were few. Illiteracy was widespread. Most of the population, more than 85 percent, was peasant farmers called serfs who worked for a lord and his estate. Serfs were little more than slaves. Both serfs and their masters looked to the Catholic Church and the Bible to explain the world. The art and literature that existed focused on Jesus Christ and sin. In the sass, important changes began to happen. Improved farming methods helped to towns, where they took up trades. The number of merchants and bankers increased. Since these people needed to have an education to effectively carry on their work, literacy spread. Eventually, educated people began to question the teachings of the Church. A movement called humanism developed, which praised the beauty and intelligence of the individual. As more people became educated, humanism worked its way into the arts, literature, the sciences, and medicine. The early Renaissance was especially vigorous in the city-states of Italy -places like Rome, Venice, Florence, and Milan. The invention of he printing press in the mid-sass gave the Renaissance and humanism even more momentum. Initially, the Remains seance was an upper-middle class movement, but thanks to the mechanization of printing, shopkeepers and street sweepers were able to afford books and articles that discussed the new ideas spreading across Europe. As a result, people started to look at themselves in a new way. But what, exactly, was this new way? Examine the documents that follow and answer the question: How did the Renaissance change man ‘s view foeman ? How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays The early Renaissance began about the time Barbarian painted the Adoration of the Magi. His purpose was to use a gorgeous surface using a rainbow of colors and adding a display of gold for the aristocrats of the time. This was to separate his works from the Gothic style of the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon an artist named Mosaic began his career and changed nearly everything about painting. The frescos that he painted used episodes all In the same painting, not Just one subject. The figures were highlighted with light at an angle against a dark background, giving the illusion of a cultural relief and adding the visual effect of 3 dimensions. He used light to give human figures and fabric a form which enhanced the visual realism. The figures were arranged in a circular group, shown in a landscape with a foreground and a background with blurring lines to give distance and depth making it more realistic in nature. Mosaic also began using mathematical proportions for buildings, and figures in his compositions. This became Realism based on observation and based also on mathematics to lad the pictorial organization. Evolving from this came more 3 emotional forms, perspective which had little to do with math, and the arrangement of solid forms In space. Linear perspective began during this time as a new technique, this Is when there Is a vanishing point with receding lines. Advance used this technique In his â€Å"The Last Supper† to create a measurable realistic space which enhanced the realism of the Renaissance style. Donate was one of the finest sculptors of this period and thought methodically in a new way, the body provides the framework on which fabric drapes, therefore it must be considered first. This pioneered the â€Å"realism† in sculpture. Early Renaissance Architecture was known by the characteristics of a sculptor Fillip Brucellosis. After a trips to Rome this Artist/turned Architect began developing the system of geometric linear perspective. He also solved the architectural problem of construction of a dome for the unfinished Cathedral of Florence. This was 140 feet wide and coot not be bullet with buttresses as the smaller domes had been. He was the first person In history to accomplish building a raised dome, designed googol section, the also using a double shell to the dome with a skeleton of 24 ribs. For visual stability he added a lantern on top. This man had to invent machines to help him accomplish this feat. His style deviated from the usual series of round arches supported by flat columns with pilasters that hold a flat untreatable. The style stressed horizontals, symmetry, classical elements of the time such as Corinthian capitals, pilasters and windows topped by pediments. This man began â€Å"logic† in design and used the same clarity in the San Lorenz (Basilicas Church) and Santos Spirits (another Basilicas Church. He began changing the proportions of buildings consistently using 1:2. This meant that the nave was twice as high as it was wide and the arcade and clerestory were of equal height. In summation the height of the arcade was equal to the width of the nave. He was the first to use a Renaissance split placing faith In reason rather than emotions. Using shapes such as squares or round domes to cover space, he began a new style. The interiors of his churches used dark pilasters on light walls which Architects use proportion to create harmonium masses and special volumes. Rhythm was used in the Renaissance by Leon Battista Alberta used it to articulate the fade of the Church of Santa Andrea. The repeating vertical rhythm of pilasters marks off one quarter intervals across the front which also includes the logic as mentioned before. Surrealism was not exactly a style but a way of life. The surrealists appreciated the logic of dreams the mystery of the unconscious, and the lure of the bizarre, the irrational and the marvelous. This era began in the early sass’s and basically began with the use of real objects and transforming them into an unreal state. One example is Oppenheim Object (Luncheon in Fur), a teacup covered in fur, along with the saucer and spoon realistic but not for use. Salvador Dali was probably the most famous as one of his paintings (The Persistence of Memory) sometimes described as melted watches, the forms are precise but could not be real. It seems to portray that time stopped but is also melting away. This tends to be fantasy, which would be the opposite of the Renaissance Period which would be considered realism. Another example would be Joan Mirror’s Carnival of the Harlequin which can offer a Surrealist view off Spanish painting. This Mirror fantasy world is filled with little creatures including animals and fish, with insects and a snake or two as well as abstract forms that appear to be attending a party. The imagery here is cheerful. It is in contrast to the utter stillness of the Dali work that was mentioned before. The movement and lively dreams in this work is lighthearted and bright in color. How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays Summary about Renaissance Renaissance is the Fresh term was used to describe an entire period of rebirth – â€Å"rebirth† of ancient traditional, took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity, but transformed that tradition by the absorption of recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by application of contemporary scientific knowledge. It is the painting, sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the â€Å"Renaissance†, parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music and science. It started in Italy, take place between the 4th and 17th centuries and then spread throughout the European countries in the 16th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now It emerging as a distinct style in Italy. Renaissance art history, especially the Italian Renaissance was divided into the 3 stages: _ Early Renaissance (about 1420 – 1490/1500) High Renaissance (about 1490/1500 – 1520) Late Renaissance or Mannerism The first stage of the Renaissance starting from the city of Firemen (Florence) with the statue of Denotable, Gibber picture of the relief, frescoes by Mosaic and the construction of Fillips Brucellosis. The second stage of the Renaissance. This stage was the peak of the Renaissance. This is the time to reach perfection and harmony. The central of this period is the city of Rome of Pope. This is a time of architectural sketches for the church of SST. Peter in Rome Aberrant, the most famous paintings of Leonardo ad Vinci, Raffle’s, statues and frescoes of Michelangelo and the works of Albrecht etchings Udder. After that period is the Late Renaissance or Mannerism is characterized by many different art trends. Mannerism tends to overstate the treasures of the Renaissance shape (Ex: describing the human body in some actives). The last stage of the Late Renaissance period gradually transformed into Baroque style. But the Renaissance did not occur in a pattern quite similar across Europe. In the spirit of the Renaissance and the early start blooming in Italy in particular, are all influential in painting, sculpture and architecture is not until about 1500 or later Renaissance began in the North of Europe and also the dominant one, and brought several national character. In countries other than Italian architecture and sculpture is influenced more painting. During this period appeared many famous characters tit the works left a huge impact on humanity in all fields of painting, architecture and sculpture,†¦ In which have to mention to painter Raphael, one of the three artists had a great influence to the Renaissance art. Rafael Sansei ad Robin or Raphael Sansei (1483 – 1520), was born in eastern Italy. He was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Napoleonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo ad Vinci, he forms the rotational trinity of great masters of that period. Different from Leonardo and Michelangelo, Raphael is a person knows how to combine both the most difficult combination: ancient traditions and contemporary, the legendary life, sanctity close to earth And with this combination that made the immortal works with the layout synthesis monumental nature of the Renaissance style. Raphael was a student of painter Pitter Perusing (1450-1523). In the first period, he painted many paintings are influenced by teachers, such as: SST. Niccole (Saint Niccole ad Titillation Altarpiece 1 501 . Museum of Captioned, Naples); Jesus crucified on the cross (The Crucifixion 1502 . National Gallery London);†¦ In 1504, when he was 21 years old, he went to Florence and meticulous study about the works of earlier masters. He met Leonardo ad Vinci and Michelangelo in here. During 4 years in Florence, Raphael painted many paintings, including the famous paintings such as Notre Dame and two lines with 5 holy throne (the Madonna and Child enthroned with Saints 5- 1505. Metropolitan Museum, New York), SST. Michael and the dragon (Saint Michael and the Dragon – 1505. Louvre, Paris), Portrait of Angelo Don (Portrait of Angelo Don 1506. Patti Gallery, Florence), hypertension (The entombment in 1507. Division competition Brothers, Rome) In 1508, Raphael was invited to work in Rome by Pope Julius II. In here, he has many world-famous works such as debate sacramental (Dispute 1509-1510, Vatican, Rome), Athens School (The School of Athens, 1510-1511. Vatican, Rome). Especially the 1 series is very beautiful religious paintings: Lady Alba (the Alba Madonna. 1511. Washington National Gallery), most notably painting Lady Sistine (The Sistine Madonna, 1512-1513. Dressed Museum) . This masterpiece is the culmination and summary of Christian paintings. In 1512, Raphael painted the Sistine Dame cathedral Saint Sixth. He painted the Sistine Dame cathedral Saint Sixth. The painting is balanced composition, with 6 characters clever, creating sustainable stability triangle as desired longevity of the church. The peak stately and imposing is also the focus of the painting is the Virgin Mary holding the Child Jesus expresses the psychological shadow deeply through, demeanor, eye contact, such as a human prediction born to do great things extraordinary. Raphael used the art space, light and dark, color creates a halo around Mary and the Child Jesus and the direction it faces two SST. Barbara Saint Sixth and to the Lord, to honor Mary and Baby Jesus, all floating in the foreground may. Ben picture below is the upstream direction by two angels. Color paintings portray a solemn but very close. This painting is a great summation of Raphael on the subject of religion and love to your mother ever after no one could pass. â€Å"Sistine Madonna† by Raphael, from 1754 has been moved to Dressed, Germany. And, since then, it is seen as a symbol of this city. How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays Renaissance 14th-17th Century -meaner â€Å"revival†, also, ‘rebirth’ revival of interest in ancient Greek, Roman culture, humanist scholars attempted to rid feudal Europe of Church domination and conservatism -old sciences revived, new science emerged -national languages and cultures took shape, free from Roman Church authority—art and literature flourished -began in Florence Italy, spread to all of Europe Due to its geographic position, foreign trade and commerce developed in Italy. – accumulation of wealth Rise of Humanism As wealth accumulated in Italy, an increased interest in other things. Nun, academies, libraries, study. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Time and money for things of beauty. Intellectuals freed from training of priests and spreading Christian faith, began to represent the views of the bourgeoisie, providing middle class with new philosophies and ideas – . –heart humanist philosophy † The greatness of man†. See page 131, Shakespeare quotation —promotion of wealth, pleasure, admiration for human body medieval brooding about death and ‘other world’ replaced by interest in living for resent and future progress of mankind. Literature Vacation â€Å"Dodecahedron†-tale of 7 women and 3 men on way to escape Black Death. Witty, naughty, praise of true love, wisdom. Began to express the voices of modern society. Considered greatest prose achievement in medieval literature. Patriarch- â€Å"Canneries† book of lyrical songs. His works expressed ‘true’ emotions. Art A break with medieval tradition at end of 13th c. Slowed up by Black Death. Revived Early 1 5th century, a decided break with medieval tradition. -art broke away from Church domination –artists, considered craftsman by church, became distinct class like writers and poets—those considered to do ‘noble’ work. —themes once focused on Bible, now reflected an interest/appreciation for all aspects of man and nature. Reflected reality in depiction—muscles, sinews, and so on . Artists studied ruins of ancient roman and Greek temples, putting many of the perceived principles of ancient civilization into their works. Also, individual collectors began to support them—rather than Church exclusively. -introduced into the works, scientific theories and principles of anatomy and proportion. Early artists Sotto?more realistic depiction of space Donated—sculptor, sought to intro. Ancient principles into his work, also engaged in anatomy for knowledge of body. â€Å"David†, a biblical hero in perfect proportions. High Renaissance Leonardo dad Vinci â€Å"Renaissance man† Scientist, architect, engi neer, sculptor. â€Å"Mona Lisa†, â€Å"Last Supper† 2 of the most famous paintings in world. Scientist, architect, engineer, sculptor. Michelangelo sculptor, painter, architect, poet went beyond decoration and realism, sought freedom of expression. â€Å"David†, â€Å"Sistine Chapel† Raphael Sweetness of temper, harmony, balance Series of Madonna paintings, † School of Athens†Ã¢â‚¬â€depicting Plato and Aristotle arguing, surrounded by audience in variety of postures. Titian Great colorist, became a model for the later modern mode of painting. Also established oil paint on canvas as the typical medium in western art â€Å"Reclining Nude†, â€Å"Sacred and profane love†. How to cite Renaissance, Papers

Health of Older Adults for Economic Conditions- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth of Older Adults for Economic Conditions. Answer: Introduction Old age does not have a specific definition but is characterized by incapacity of a person to perform the previous obligations, coming across new roles, or inability to make active assistances to society (World Health Organization, 2001). Nowadays, retirement does not mean that a person has become old. Therefore, various strategies and policies have been commenced by the government of few countries in order to help old people getting online and becoming familiar with digital services (Department for Works and Pension, 2015). Now old age is no longer the phase where a person becomes dependent on others instead older adults have the energy to work longer and make required contributions to the society. In simple words, life expectancy is the average life span for which an individual may expect to survive if the mortality pattern and other conditions remain same as that on the time of its birth. With the passage of time, the life expectancy of older adults in every country has positively increased as result of changes in social, economic and political environment and circumstances (Turley Thompson, 2013). For example, let us take two countries- New Zealand and India. Comparison between New Zealand and India on the basis of Life Expectancy The life expectancy data around the world has subsequently changed overtime. A lot of factors which affect life expectancy data such as regional variations, economic conditions, gender, mental illness and other illness like diabetes, obesity, etc. The measurement of life expectancy is made in accordance with the factors prevailing at the time of birth of an individual and therefore, it is referred to as life expectancy at birth (LEB). The derivation of Life expectancy at birth is made after consideration of variety of statistics and reports such as Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Census Reports, Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme and many more. The increase in life expectancy is the result of improved lifestyle, better standard of living and greater literacy (OECD, 2016). The data provided by the World Bank clearly demarcates increase in life expectancy over a period of time. In the year 1960, New Zealand had a total (both male and female) life expectancy at birth of 71.24 years with 68.7 years for males and 73.9 years for females. India faced a below average life expectancy at birth in the year 1960. The males in India had a life expectancy at birth of 41.8 years and for females it was 40.4 years with a total (both male and female) life expectancy at birth of 41.1 years. The newest data delivered by the World Bank is for the year 2015. There has been a significant change in the data overtime and the change is positive and progressive for both the countries i.e. - New Zealand and India. The data for the year 2015 for New Zealand reports that that life expectancy at birth for males have increased to 79.7 years while for females it has increased to 83.2 years with a total life expectancy at birth (both male and female) of 81.4 years. Similarly, India has also made progress with the increase in life expectancy at birth for males to 66.9 years and for females to 66.9 years. With this, the total life expectancy increased to 68.3 years (World Bank, 2017). Factors that influence Life Expectancy for people in New Zealand and India The life expectancy at birth of an individual is influenced by a variety of factors like earnings, standard of living, education, accommodation, diet and many more (Guilmoto Jones, 2015). The World Health Organization specifies that a persons health is equally affected and determined by its physical, social and economic environment and the conducts and individualities of an individual (World Health Organization, 2017). Life expectancy in New Zealand is affected by lower income of people due to which the necessities of life become out of their reach leading to poor quality of life and malnutrition. Moreover, regional variations have a great impact on the life expectancy as some regions are rich in some economic resources which while some are rich in other. There are basically socio-economic inequalities in health of Maori and non- Maori people in New Zealand (Wepa, 2015). Furthermore, religious beliefs and gender roles further extend the health inequalities between the two groups. The access to such resources and living in areas around them increase the life expectancy of a person (Ministry of Social Development, 2009). Major diseases suffered by the people in New Zealand are obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of such diseases can be reduced by participating in physical activities along with a healthy and nourishing diet which will consequently lead to increased life expectancy and a be tter life. Alcohol consumption affects health and increases the chances of death due to road accidents. Males in New Zealand suffer from a higher mortality rates and smaller life expectancy than females. India is still in its developing phase thereby is still struggling with a number of factors like poor sanitation, low literacy rate, malnutrition, etc. The factors affecting life expectancy also involve family background, economic status, edification, drug use, smoking and consumption of alcohol (International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2014). The government of India has become successful to some extent in addressing some major issues like poor sanitation, unawareness among females regarding health issues, inaccessibility of pure drinking water, etc. These issues were a cause of poor health standards in India. Moreover, Malnutrition is also a cause of organ failure and death in older adults as this severely affects their heath. Also, there are various causes of death such as cancer, road accidents, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc.(ICICI Lombard, 2013). These causes of death are one of the major factors that affect the life expectancy in India. As far as rural India is concerned, high infant mortality rate is still a major consideration. Moreover, lower literacy rate is the major reason due to which such issues remains unsolved. Lack of education contributes towards lack of awareness regarding health care which significantly lead towards low life expectancy in India. Although, steps have been taken towards resolving this issue such that awareness towards health care can be increased along with increase in life expectancy. He Korowai Oranga: Maori Health Strategy (2013/2014) He Korowai Oranga simply means the cloak of wellness (Marc, 2009). This strategy for Maori health was supposed to be implemented by the health and disability sector of New Zealand in order to get the best health results for Maori who suffered from severe health inequalities (Kirch, 2008). This Maori health strategy highlights three important themes- firstly, the reduction of dissimilarities between health of two groups- Maori and non- Maori, maintaining and keeping up the progress made in Maori health and lastly, rangatiratanga (control) to be achieved by Maori over their own lives (Jones, 2014). Rangatiratanga- Rangatiratanga allowed various groups like iwi, Maori, hapu and whanau to become capable of having control over their own lives, health and wellbeing along with providing them ways so that they can form their own communities and organizations and thereby encouraging their development (McCarthy, 2016). Maintaining and keeping up the progress made in Maori health- He Korowai Oranga is a strategy for making improvements in the Maori Health. The theme of this strategy specifies for keeping up these improvements and considering the improvements already made as the base for the accomplishment in Maori and whanau ora results. Ministry of Health is responsible along with some other respective organizations for upholding the progress made and making attempts for improving it further. Reduction of Inequalities- The socioeconomic differences between the health of Maori and non- Maori emerged as a challenge for the New Zealand government and health sector. For the purpose of reduction of such discrepancies, increased access to various services is planned to be provided to Maori. For this some changes and alterations were planned to be made after determining the priorities where they are required. Background and reason for the development of He Korowai Oranga Among the various groups residing in New Zealand, Maori suffered from the most underprivileged health status. The basic purpose behind the development of He Korowai Oranga is whanau ora. In general terms, whanau ora mean family health. Therefore, the strategy aimed at achieving maximum health and wellbeing results for Maori families (Ministry of Health, 2001). With the help of this strategy, whanau was expected to become confident, attain a secure identity, and achieve a control over their own prosperity along with physical and mental wellbeing. There is an influence of social and political situations on the health of Maori and other native people (Castro, Lambrick, Faulkner, Lark, Williams Stoner, 2013). The principles stated by the Treaty of Waitangi influenced He Korowai Oranga in some areas (Palmer, 2008). These principles were fixed within the strategy for better results (Came, H., McCreanor, Doole Rawson, 2016). These principles were- protection (protection of Maori values and assurance regarding reduction in health differences), partnership (partnership among groups like hapu, whanau, Maori and iwi for improving Maori health) and participation (Maori participation in different stages of planning and development of various health services) (Manley, McCormack Wilson, 2013). Comparison of the theme of the strategy with the international perspective of the same/ similar theme With the increase in worldwide health inequalities, health inequalities are being suffered by various social groups. Due to this the socio- economic status of a person is reduced and makes a person vulnerable to diseases and poor health. The present state is a matter of concern and required to be resolved to reduce the unfairness. International and national engagements are essential for the purpose of redressal of such severe inequalities among health status of different groups (Szende, Janssen Cabases, 2014). Healthy Eating- Healthy Action: Oranga Kai- Oranga Pumau also known as HEHA Strategy was one of the strategies with similar theme as that of He Korowai Oranga Strategy. The basic purpose of this theme was national obesity prevention by creating responsiveness towards healthy eating and attachment towards family (sense of whanaungatanga) among the various groups (Ministry of Health, 2007). Even after years of discussion about poor health of Maori, data in the year 2011 still came out with differences among two groups. The health dissimilarities between Maori and non- Maori lead to lower life expectancy of Maori males and females i.e. 73.3 years and 77.6 years as against the life expectancy of non-Maori male and females which was 79.9 years and 84.4 years. Such inequities are also the result of diseases like diabetes, cancer, obesity and vascular disorders which reduce the overall life of an individual. Although, slowly and gradually people have started living a healthier life and there is a positive trend in the health conditions of various groups around the world. But some of the health problems still remain unaddressed which are required to be removed with immediate action. More strategies are required in this regard so that discrepancies in health is across the world is altogether eliminated (McPake, Normand Smith, 2013).. References Came, H., McCreanor, T., Doole, C., Rawson, E. (2016). The New Zealand Health Strategy 2016: whither health equity?.The New Zealand medical journal,129(1447), 72-77. Castro, N., Lambrick, D. M., Faulkner, J., Lark, S., Williams, M. A., Stoner, L. (2013). Decreasing the Cardiovascular Disease Burden in M?ori Children: The Interface of Pathophysiology and Cultural Awareness.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis,20(11), 833-834. Department for Work Pensions. (2015). 2010 to 2015 government policy: older adult. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-older-people/2010-to-2015-government-policy-older-people Guilmoto, C.Z. Jones, G. W. (2015). Contemporary Demographic Transformations in China, India and Indonesia. Springer. ICICI LOMBARD. (2013). Whats Killing India? Knowing Top 10 Killer Death Diseases in India. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://www.icicilombard.com/health_insurance_info/Knowing-top-10-killer-death-diseases-in-India.html Jones, B. (2014). Guest editorial: How can nurses respond to Maori health disparities in Aotearoa/New Zealand?.Kai Tiaki Nursing Research,5(1), 3. Kirch, W. (2008). Encyclopedia of Public Health. Springer Science Business Media. Manley, K., McCormack, B. Wilson, V. (2013). International Practice Development in Nursing and Healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Marc, A. (2009). Delivering Services in Multicultural Societies. World Bank Publications. McCarthy, C. (2016). Museums and Maori: Heritage Professionals, Indigenous Collections, Current Practice. Routledge. McPake, B., Normand, C., Smith, S. (2013).Health economics: an international perspective. Routledge. Ministry of Health. (2001). He Korowai Oranga- Maori Health Strategy Discussion Document. Retrieved on October 10, 2017, from https://www.moh.govt.nz/notebook/nbbooks.nsf/0/af7785c39a64d0c6cc256a4c006ec22d/$FILE/maorihealthstratdisc.pdf. Ministry of Health. (2007). Healthy Eating, Healthy Action: Progress on Implementing the HEHA Strategy 2007. Ministry of Health. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2016). Life Expectancy at birth. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm. Palmer, M. (2008). The Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand's Law and Constitution. Victoria University Press. Panigrahi, D. N. (2014). Life Expectancy in India: Contributing Factors. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development. vol 3(12). pp. 249-253. Szende, A., Janssen, B., Cabases, J. (Eds.). (2014).Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D(pp. 132-6). Springer Netherlands. The World Bank. (2017). Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Retrieved on October25, 2007 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=IN-NZ Turley, J. Thompson, J. (2013). Nutrition Your Life Science. Cengage Learning. Wepa, D. (2015). Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. World Health Organization. (2001). Indicators for the Minimum Data Set Project on Ageing: A Critical Review in sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageing_mds_report_en_daressalaam.pdf World Health Organization. (2017). Health Impact Assessment (HIA). Retrieved on October 11, 2017, from https://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/.