Is The Highrise Residential Building Suitable Socially?

Is The Highrise Residential Building Suitable Socially? The skyscraper permits one to house gigantic quantities of individuals in single buildings, permitting one to treat town-anticipating an enormous scope. (Aregger Glaus, 1967, 27). The highrise is a methods for sorting out the ruins of a gigantic city without expanding its spread, of improving day to day environments and traffic stream, and making open spaces for entertainment simultaneously. (Aregger Glaus, 1967, 33). Besides, as recommended by journalists, for example, Dewi Cooke, urban amiability can be advanced by skyscraper lodging since it empowers gatherings with neighbors through the sharing of common offices. (Cooke, 2012). The private elevated structure, offers worthy and reasonable convenience for a specific piece of the populace: single individuals, couples and the littler families. A highrise building is likewise equipped for changing a more established, yet very much protected area into a visual ghetto. Because of its tallness and mass, it will in general overwhelm its encompassing by its size, yet the various parts of its appearance. (Aregger Glaus, 1967, p.57). As Earnest F. Burckhardt states because of the stature of a skyscraper, individuals are consigned to a subterranean insect like presence. The highrise evidently appear to be less worth satisfying, and to some degree evil. Other negative highlights of this massing incorporate structural repetitiveness, forceful exhibitionism versus customary level lodging that would converge into the scene. Modest communities, specifically, lose a specific atmosphere of closeness and unobtrusiveness. Highrise squares have something uproarious and forceful a bout them. (Aregger Glaus, 1967, 58). The skyscraper is equipped for causing occupant confinement and even misery. (Qureshi, 2004). 1.2.1. History and intention The intention of structuring a skyscraper lies in the inclination to transcend oneself, it is a major human desire. Working into the sky fulfills an antiquated sense. Carried on altogether, it means the craving to rule. (Sincere F. Burckhardt, Observations on the topic of highrise building). The three most basic purposes behind structure these conspicuous high structures are known to be: engineering accentuation of a specific spot in the city, social qualification of individual, gathering of country and showing of a theoretical or solid force, which can be summarized to be imaginative stylish thought process, sociological rationale and strict intention separately. (AreggerGlaus, 1967, 14). In the west draftsmen were keen on neither offering differentiation to people or gatherings, nor in showing any force, yet basically needed to make a vertical spatial component which would adequately eloquent and intersperse the chronicled mass of commonplace lodging that was quickly spreading arou nd enormous urban communities (AreggerGlaus, 1967, 15). Besides, the originators of European elevated structure, especially the private kind, had social thought processes at the top of the priority list. Beginning with the hypothesis that design condition impacts keeps an eye on lifestyle, they trusted, by methods for separated, complemented working, to advance the reappearance or reinforcing of human qualities and uniqueness instated of the developing inclination towards aggregate conduct. They were fruitful. (AreggerGlaus, 1967, 15). What's more, in the contemporary time frame, the steady and expanding development of todays significant urban areas brings about an ever-developing interest of the elevated structure, just like the case in New Delhi, India. 1.3 Massing level urban areas and vertical urban areas 1.3.1. issues identified with urban areas (Jaipur) in light of even massing The conventional urban areas of India can be concentrated to comprehend arranged level massed urban communities. Regular issues can be depicted to comprehend the negative highlights identified with this sort of massing in the contemporary world, as portrayed by the Housing and Development Corportation, with specific reference to Rajasthan. Poor framework is found in a large portion of the towns: katcha houses and non-accessibility of water, sanitation and essential administrations to majority of the rustic populace (23.1) These regions have no arranged seepage frameworks, the board of expanding strong waste is in this way turning into an issue in such cities.The limited zones for crap, open sewers, absence of clean drinking water, pervasion by flies, rodents and mosquitoes, squeezed living, cooking and dozing quarters and the introduction to mechanical and synthetic squanders, all make the basti a dangerous spot to live in. The basti was additionally a significant trash arranging terminal (untouchables considered it the kachraor junk basti) which makes it even more risky, particularly for little youngsters. (Kumar, McNay. Castaldo, 2008, p.11) Many car crashes are caused because of unsystematic and mushroom development of such focuses. There are no customary leaving zones for trucks which stay left inside the privilege of the method of the roadways. This constantly makes traffic bottlenecks hampering smooth progression of quick parkway traffic. (23.7) Maintenance of assembled legacy is another issue being looked by such urban areas. Besides, because of movement of individuals from rustic regions there is huge weight on constrained urban land and on effectively stressed administrations. Land cost is heightening each year. Living in urban areas is consequently getting costlier continuously. Simultaneously personal satisfaction is breaking down. Because of the expansion in populace, ground water assets are draining. Then again, because of movement of town youth to the urban communities, the town economy is getting antagonistically influenced. Most influenced towns are those situated close to the enormous urban communities and important rural grounds are being changed over for the sake of city improvement. (23.6) Ghettos are an inescapable side-effect of urbanization. The development of ghettos is an indication of people groups powerlessness to bear the cost of land and sanctuary through the ordinary market component and the disappointment of the open segment to guarantee fair access of the equivalent to poor people. Ghetto lodging needs term of residency, structure access to administrations are which is denied of urban pleasantries. These unapproved provinces are further risky since they are set up on rural land. 1.3.2. issues identified with urban communities dependent on vertical massing In the city of Melbourne, with the nearness of the legacy structures and the skyscraper, from the 71st floor of Melbournes tallest structure, the Eureka Tower, Melbournes focus looks little and lopsided. The low-ascent legacy structures balance particularly with the glass and solid towers that have jumped up in the middle. In any case, theres that view extending far toward the north and west of the city and bending around the sea shores past St Kilda. The vista from the Eureka Tower is immense and wonderful. (Cooke, 2010). Another model is that of Pruitt-Igoe in St. Louis; worked as a major aspect of the post-war recovery, it was finished in 1956 however was annihilated only fourteen years after the fact in the wake of being assailed by dilapidation, vandalism and wrongdoing. For families with youngsters, the skyscraper complex didn't offer them reprieve from neediness or wrongdoing, yet just assembled the elements for it in one spot. By and large, the skyscraper perfect is dynamically transformed from a bastion of innovation to that of a difficult bequest, a position of neediness, of outsiders and illicit migrants, frivolous wrongdoing, joblessness, with a high rate of truancy and medication misuse (Helleman and Wassenberg, 2004, p.6). Against such negativism, it is nothing unexpected that the resultant reaction was to end skyscraper open lodging development, and even destruction. 1.4 Housing and factors which influence it India is where a great many individuals move to the city for reasons, for example, social versatility, openings for work and so on. At the point when the modeler structures lodging variables, for example, provincial personality, culture and customs are not a need of the architect. The planner structures to satisfy the needs of the city. In doing as such, the draftsman controls the societys method of living in understanding to what he believes is correct. Examples of lodging have continually changed to oblige the weights of land, materials, bye-laws, engineering styles and social qualities. Human connections and the related social pictures are communicated by the fabricated type of different levels, at neighborhood level by the settlement, at network level by group of houses, and at the family level by the house unit. Lodging structures a huge piece of our condition, where physical and infrastructural offices are shared among individuals. The manner in which lodging is fabricated mirrors the comprehension and perspectives of society concerning the atmosphere, culture, design and the economy. (Ritu. 1992. p. 10). The predominant financial request has the last say in the design and working of lodging. The impact of perceiving this implied a genuine advancement in the hypothesis and practice of town-arranging. Up to that point, town-arranging had been in struggle with a general public that obviously would not comprehend its motivation and in this way made the acknowledgment of it inconceivable. (Aregger Glaus, 1967, p.23). The town organizers and planners bit by bit started to see the need of grappling with society if they somehow managed to assemble urban areas. 1.5 Housing and current circumstance in Delhi and NCR The general lack in EWS and LIG lodging in India has been assessed at near 25 million dwelling units by Micro Housing Finance Corporation. With quick urbanization and expanding work portability emerging because of the move from the agrarian economy to the industrialized and administration economy developing in India, this deficiency of private convenience is expanding quickly. With five individuals to a residence unit, the base living space required per abiding unit is around 300 sq ft, which implies that roughly 7,500 million sq ft should be fabricated. At a traditionalist expense of Rs 1,000 for every sq ft in urban India where the vast majority of the interest exists, the general speculation prerequisite is an amazing Rs 750,000 cr. (Menon, 2009, p.1). 1.6 Social situation in urban India as for lodging

Deep Water

I Dedication This report is committed to the 11 men who lost their lives on the Deepwater Horizon rig on April 20, 2010 and to their families, with the expectation that this report will help limit the opportunity of another such calamity ever happening again. Jason Anderson Aaron Dale Burkeen Donald Clark Stephen Curtis Gordon Jones Roy Wyatt Kemp Karl Dale Kleppinger, Jr. Blair Manuel Dewey Revette Shane Roshto Adam Weise ii Acknowledgments We wish to recognize the numerous people and associations, government authorities and offices the same that offered their perspectives and bits of knowledge to the Commission.We might particularly want to offer our thanks to the Coast Guard’s Incident Specific Preparedness Review (ISPR) for permitting Commission staff to take an interest in its meetings and conversations, which was significant to the planning of this report. (A duplicate of the Coast Guard’s ISPR report can be found at the Commission’s site at www. oilspillco mmission. gov). We might likewise want to express gratitude toward Chevron for playing out the concrete tests that demonstrated so basic to our examination concerning the Macondo well victory. Related article: Why Nations Fail Chapter 5We additionally thank the Department of Energy, which filled in as our supporting organization, and the entirety of the Department workers whose help was so fundamental to the achievement and working of the Commission. Specifically, we might want to express gratitude toward Christopher Smith, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oil and Natural Gas, who went about as the Commission’s Designated Federal Officer, just as Elena Melchert, Petroleum Engineer in the Office of Oil and Gas Resource Conservation, who filled in as the Committee Manager. In any case, in particular, we are profoundly thankful to the residents of the Gulf who shared their own xperiences as Commissioners went in the area, giving a basic human measurement to the calamity and to our endeavor, just as the numerous individuals who affirmed at the Commission’s hearings, if open remarks, and submitted proclamations to our site. Together, these commitments significantly educated our work and prompted a superior report. Much obliged to you everyone. Copyright, Restrictions, and Permissions Notice Except as noted thus, materials contained in this report are in the open domain.Public area data might be unreservedly circulated and replicated. Nonetheless, this report contains representations, photos, and other data contributed by or authorized from private people, organizations, or associations that might be ensured by U. S. or potentially remote copyright laws. Transmission or multiplication of things ensured by copyright may require the composed authorization of the copyright proprietor. When utilizing material or pictures from this report we ask that you credit this report, just as the wellspring of the material as demonstrated in this report. Authorization to utilize materials copyrighted by others, organizations or associations must be acquired straightforwardly from those sources. This report contains connections to many Web destinations. When yo u get to another site through a connection that we give, you are dependent upon the utilization, copyright and permitting limitations of that site. Neither the Government nor the National Commission on the BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (Commission) supports any of the associations or perspectives spoke to by the connected locales except if explicitly expressed in the report.The Government and the Commission assume no liability for, and practice no power over, the substance, exactness or openness of the material contained on the connected destinations. Spread Photo:  © Steadfast TV ISBN: 978-0-16-087371-3 iii Deep Water The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling Report to the President National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling January 2011 iv Commission Members Bob Graham, Co-Chair William K. Reilly, Co-Chair Frances Beinecke Donald F. Boesch Terry D. Garcia Cherry A. Murray Fran Ulmer v Table of Contents F oreword PART I: The Path to Tragedy Chapter 1 â€Å"Everyone engaged with the job†¦was totally satisfied†¦. † The Deepwater Horizon, the Macondo Well, and Sudden Death on the Gulf of Mexico vi xiii 1 21 Chapter 2 â€Å"Each oil well has its own personality† The History of Offshore Oil and Gas in the United States Chapter 3 â€Å"It resembled pulling teeth. † Oversightâ€and Oversightsâ€in Regulating Deepwater Energy Exploration and Production in the Gulf of Mexico 55 PART II: Explosion and Aftermath: The Causes and Consequences of the Disaster Chapter 4 But, who cares, it’s done, finish of story, [we] will most likely be fine and we’ll find a decent concrete line of work. † The Macondo Well and the Blowout 87 89 Chapter 5 â€Å"You’re in it currently, up to your neck! † Response and Containment 129 173 197 Chapter 6 â€Å"The most exceedingly terrible ecological calamity America has ever confronted. † Oilin g a Rich Environment: Impacts and Assessment Chapter 7 â€Å"People have plan exhaustion . . . they’ve been wanted to death† Recovery and Restoration PART III: Lessons Learned: Industry, Government, Energy Policy Chapter 8 â€Å"Safety isn't restrictive. † Changing Business as Usual 215 217Chapter 9 â€Å"Develop choices for guarding against, and moderating the effect of, oil slicks related with seaward penetrating. † Investing in Safety, Investing in Response, Investing in the Gulf 249 Chapter 10 American Energy Policy and the Future of Offshore Drilling 293 307 356 358 359 362 365 366 368 Endnotes Appendices Appendix A: Commission Members Appendix B: List of Acronyms Appendix C: Executive Order Appendix D: Commission Staff and Consultants Appendix E: List of Commission Meetings Appendix F: List of Staff Working Papers Index vi Photo: Susan Walsh, Associated PressThe blast that tore through the Deepwater Horizon boring apparatus last April 20, as the rig ’s group finished boring the exploratory Macondo well profound under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, started a human, monetary, and natural catastrophe. Eleven group individuals kicked the bucket, and others were truly harmed, as fire inundated and at last crushed the apparatus. What's more, in spite of the fact that the country would not know the full extent of the debacle for quite a long time, the first of in excess of 4,000,000 barrels of oil started spouting uncontrolled into the Gulfâ€threatening occupations, valuable living spaces, and even an interesting method of life.A loved American scene, effectively battered and corrupted from long stretches of blunder, confronted one more blow as the oil spread and washed shorewards. Five years after Hurricane Katrina, the country was again transfixed, apparently powerless, as this new catastrophe unfurled in the Gulf. The expenses from this one mechanical mishap are not yet completely checked, however it is as of now certa in that the effects on the region’s regular frameworks and individuals were tremendous, and that monetary misfortunes all out many billions of dollars.On May 22, 2010, President Barack Obama declared the formation of the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling: an autonomous, objective element, coordinated to give a careful investigation and unbiased judgment. The President charged the Commission to decide the reasons for the calamity, and to improve the country’s capacity to react to spills, and to prescribe changes to make seaward vitality creation more secure. What's more, the President said we were to follow the realities any place they drove. This report is the aftereffect of an extraordinary half year exertion to satisfy the President’s charge.Foreword vii From the beginning, the Commissioners have been resolved to get familiar with the fundamental exercises so extravagantly uncovered in the shocking death toll at th e Deepwater Horizon and the extreme harms that resulted. The Commission’s point has been to give the President, policymakers, industry, and the American individuals an unmistakable, open, exact, and reasonable record of the biggest oil slick in U. S history: the setting for the well itself, how the blast and spill occurred, and how industry and government mixed to react to a remarkable emergency.This was our first commitment: figure out what occurred, why it occurred, and disclose it to Americans all over the place. Because of our examination, we finish up: †¢ The hazardous loss of the Macondo well could have been forestalled. The prompt reasons for the Macondo well victory can be followed to a progression of recognizable missteps made by BP Halliburton, and Transocean that uncover such , precise disappointments in chance administration that they place in question the wellbeing society of the whole business. Deepwater vitality investigation and creation, especially at th e wildernesses of experience, include dangers for which neither industry nor overnment has been enough arranged, yet for which they can and should be set up later on. To guarantee human wellbeing and ecological assurance, administrative oversight of renting, vitality investigation, and creation require changes even past those noteworthy changes previously started since the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe. Key change will be required in both the structure of those accountable for administrative oversight and their inner decisionmaking procedure to guarantee their political self-sufficiency, specialized mastery, and their full thought of natural assurance concerns.Because administrative oversight alone won't be adequate to guarantee sufficient wellbeing, the oil and gas industry should take its own, one-sided steps to increment drastically security all through the business, including self-policing systems that supplement legislative implementation. The innovation, laws and guidelines, a nd practices for containing, reacting to, and tidying up spills linger behind the genuine dangers related with deepwater penetrating into enormous, high-pressure stores of oil and gas situated far seaward and a great many feet beneath the

Open Sesame

Open Sesame I was not seated on a jury today at the Middlesex Superior Court, so Im back to work tomorrow, hopefully posting a new Questions Omnibus tomorrow evening. While waiting to be called from the jury pool, I had plenty of time to read both the New York Times and the Boston Globe. The Globes business section today had a nice column by Scott Kirsner on Brewster Kahle 82 (right, courtesy Library of Congress) and the Internet Archive. Check out an excerpt: The Internet Archive has the ambitious goal of offering universal access to human knowledge, and, in pursuit of that, in a small white wooden building that once served the base as a general store, the archivists are collecting every sort of digital file imaginable, from Web pages to podcasts, software programs to movies, presidential phone conversations to recordings of Cowboy Junkies concerts. Brewster Kahle is the MIT-educated former entrepreneur who began building the library in 1996, for the simple reason that nobody else seemed to be doing it, he says. Now, he realizes that he has undertaken a task with no obvious stopping point. In 2001, he started recording 20 television channels, continuously, and recently he has had volunteers scanning thousands of out-of-print books. Each month, the Internet Archive collects the equivalent of one Library of Congress, says Kahle. The collection, available at www.archive.org, has already surpassed one petabyte. Thats a million gigabytes. [] While studying at MIT in the 1970s, Kahle says, there were two big ideas in the air. One idea was encryption, he says. The other was to build a digital library so people could have the Library of Congress on their desktops. After graduating, Kahle chose to follow an entrepreneurial path. He was present at the creation of Thinking Machines, the Cambridge-based supercomputer company, and later started WAIS, a company that helped publishers put information on the Web and make it searchable. WAIS was acquired by America Online, and Kahles next company, a search and ranking service called Alexa Internet, was bought by Amazon.com. Kahle used the money from those two transactions to start and fund the Internet Archive, which is a nonprofit. [] The Internet Archive also sponsors a small fleet of Internet bookmobiles which operate in San Francisco, Egypt, India, and Uganda that allow people to find full-text books online and print out their own paperback copies. Kahle says the cost of lending a book out can approach $2 for some libraries; printing out a black-and-white copy on-demand can cost as little as 50 cents. [] When the organization runs up against technical barriers that seem insurmountable, it chisels away at them. It couldnt find a storage device on the market that was capable of holding a petabyte of data inexpensively, and consuming little power. So the Internet Archive simply built one on its own, called the petabox. (You can build your own in the basement, since they made the design available as an open-source document.) [..] Technologists are often accurately depicted as people more interested in the possible than the past. Brewster Kahle and his colleagues defy that depiction, using technology in clever ways to preserve our shared past. [Read the entire column] One of the fun parts of the Internet Archive is the Wayback Machine, where you can see archival versions of your favorite web page, going back to the early days of the web. Here are a few interesting examples: MIT Homepage: web.mit.edu www.mit.edu (note the change January 1999, when the student group SIPB gave hostname www to the MIT administration, which SIPB had administered since www.mit.edu:8001 began in 1993 as one of the first 100 pages on the web) MIT Admissions Yahoo! MTV Perhaps the bottom line to this story is that MIT values openness. Besides the Internet Archive, you can also see this with OpenCourseWare, MITWorld, MITs commitment to the open source software movement, the accepting attitudes towards guests practiced by the MIT libraries, etc. I like MITs commitment to openness; it was something I could sense from my very first visit to campus. I guess these blogs are another good example of MITs openness. Were happy to be open and available for you.

Buddhism Breaks Apart Essay example - 1402 Words

Buddhism Breaks Apart Buddhism is the religion of spiritual enlightenment through the suppressing of one’s worldly desires. Buddhism takes one on the path of a spiritual journey, to become one with their soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. Founded in 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama; Theravada Buddhism is the first branch of Buddhism; it was a flourishing religion in India before the invasions by the Huns and the Muslims, and Mahayana Buddhism formed due to new locations, it was altered according to local influences. Buddhists believe that Buddha is not a deity, but just an ideal guide to reach enlightenment in order to get closer to God. Buddha was born of a virgin mother Queen Mayadevi.†¦show more content†¦Traveling the world in search of answers Buddha became exhausted and discouraged; Buddha sat down beneath a papal tree, and vowed that he wouldn’t move until he had reached enlightenment. After forty days without food or water, Buddha finally reached an enlightened state. Buddhism was formed in 525 B.C. when Buddha achieved enlightenment. After obtaining enlightenment, Buddha formed the basic beliefs for his followers. The four noble truths are the early doctrines of Buddhism, Dukhka, Trishna, Nirvana, and Eightfold Path.†(Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition pg 3)† Enlightenment can only be reached through these steps. When one acknowledges suffering to be a part of life, they learn to deal with pain. If one is, suffering then there is always a reason behind it, namely craving or attachment to material objects. There is a cessation or pause of suffering, and that leads to the eightfold path if one has the right view, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. During the remaining forty-five years, Buddha spent his life traveling teaching others how to gain enlightenment. During Buddha’s life, his teachings were recorded orally, and it wasn’t until after his death that the teachings were written down. There was confusion in how accurate the text scriptures were, and so out of the eighteen early Buddhist schools Theravada Buddhism was chosen. The Theravada Buddhist school’sShow MoreRelatedHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreIndia s Caste System : How Were They Alike?1640 Words   |  7 PagesLinkin g to today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg 5 Buddhism/Hinduism: Compare and Contrast†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..pg 6-7 The Great Emperor: Asoka...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg 8-9 Harappa and Mohenjo Daro civilizations: How were they alike? Two civilizations grew along the Indus River about 3000BCE and existed for around 1500 years. These two Indian civilizations were called the Harappan and Mohenjo Daro civilizations. Even though these two were 300 miles apart they still were very alike. Both of theseRead MoreJainas Will Define Samsara As The Exact Same As Buddhists1232 Words   |  5 PagesJains, samsara takes place in a vast but finite universe called the loka. The pressing importance of samsara in Jainism isn’t as clear as it is in Buddhism. Jains rest their belief of samsara on a clean soul (jiva), unlike direct results of karma in Buddhism. For example, the story of Mrgaputra’s plea to his parents, where he begs to no longer be apart of the cycle of birth and rebirth. Mrgaputra says, â€Å"†¦an infinite number of times I have suffered without hope†¦In every kind of existence I have sufferedRead MoreThe Mahayana Buddhist Tradition And The Teachings Of The Bodhisattva1604 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary view of moral practice. Apart from Buddhist traditions, more contemporary moral theories draw out ideal approaches towards altruistic acts. When speaking of a person performing such acts, we might consider them a ‘do-gooder’, similarly a more controversial do-gooder takes morality to an extreme extent that might be considered ‘saintly’ (in either a secular or non-secular way). What I want to focus on in this paper is the notion of moral theory in Mahayana Buddhism and, in particular, the practicesRead MoreReligion : An Aspect Of Our World1744 Words   |  7 PagesFrancesca Krupp Final Paper Dr. Land-Closson 27 April, 2016 Religion, for many is an aspect of our world that can bring people together, or in many cases, tear people apart. It can cause vast violence, or everlasting peace within civilizations. Religion defines the lives of many, governing how they live and the moral code that they choose to follow. However, Religion to em has always simply been what I was raised in. I grew up a cradle catholic, meaning from the day I took my first breathe, to theRead MoreThe United States1547 Words   |  7 Pagesdecided to take up the discipline called the Middle Path; this is neither pleasure nor pain. He finally started to see results while on the middle path. He sat under a tree called the Bodhi Tree, where he encountered many temptations, before he had a break through, that helped opened his eyes to the realization, he was no longer victim to the suffering of human life. After this he became a Buddha, someone, who has been â€Å"enlightened† or someone who wake up from ignorance that binds peopl e in the sufferingRead MoreWorld Religion Studies of Siddhartha or the Buddha1344 Words   |  5 Pagesenlightenment, but he was not without temptation and disruption. As he sat, he was tempted by The Evil One, Mara, by desire, death, and challenge. Desperate to keep Siddhartha from concentration, Mara used the desire of three goddesses, but failed to break through his meditation. Then, she decided to threaten his life with the destruction of flaming rocks, however, that also did not work, since the rocks became flower petals from Siddhartha’s strong, mystic concentration. 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Analysis Of The Poem The Arms - 1119 Words

She walked back to her grandmother’s cottage after she spent the night in Kendrick’s arms. His home was about a mile up the coast from her grandmother’s cottage. As she entered the cozy cottage, she was met with the smells of Scottish brown bread baking, in her Seanmhair’s oven. The fragrant aroma of fresh bread took her back to her childhood summers in Scotland with her grandmother. She loved her Seanmhair’s wonderful Scot’s country cooking and her folk tales, she just hadn’t realized that some of the tales weren’t fiction. As Aileana moved to give her Seanmhair a morning hug and kiss, Skye eyed her and said, â€Å"What has placed that smile upon yer face? Are ye just getting in or were ye up early and just returned from a walk? This old lady is curious and wants to ken what mah Ban-ogha is doing this bonnie morning.† Aileana sat at the small square table near the fireplace with her grandmother to enjoy their breakf ast of warm brown bread with fresh sweet butter, Lorne sausage, and eggs. She chuckled to herself, thinking the Scot’s sure know how to eat, and they eat big at breakfast time. She would have to make sure she got a daily jog in to keep from getting big as a walrus. It wasn’t too hard to enjoy running on the beach next to the cliffs, and it was a fantastic way to keep the weight in check and the heart healthy after the substantial Scots meals. But now was the time to talk to her Seanmhair about her stories of the Selkies. Aileana needed to find outShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Arms 1870 Words   |  8 PagesProtect her, a familiar voice said. Protect who? He questioned himself as an image of a baby appeared in his arms. This is my daughter, a blond man who stood in front of him, said. 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Renaissance Free Essays

string(112) " to admit the original dispensation Pope Julius II had granted for their marriage was illegal \(Soppy, 2009, p\." Italy before spreading to the rest of Europe. The Italian peninsula, positioned within the Mediterranean Sea, enabled the city-states and principalities to become major centers of trade and commerce. Venice, located on the northeastern coast of Italy, was known as the Queen of the Adriatic and had the busiest Italian maritime port (Soppy, 2009, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now 66). Even inland cities such as Rome and Florence were able to benefit from Italy’s natural features. Florence had a port fifty miles away at the mouth of the Aaron River, which flowed through the heart of city providing inland access to merchants (Soppy, 2009, p. 52). Italy’s prime geographical location led it to be the first port of call for goods and ideas. Italy also differed from the rest of Europe politically. Countries such as England, Spain, and France were ruled by monarchs while Italy (with a few exceptions) consisted of city-states where power was shared among prominent families. It was within these city-states that the dynamic political atmosphere could nurture the Renaissance movement (Cook, 2014). In Florence, the Medici family was able to dominate the city for much of the fifteenth century. The Medici family were patron to many artists, musicians, philosophers, and architects. Cosmic De’ Medici had a hand in erecting many of the structures in Florence, believing the rich should give back to their communities (Soppy, 2009, p. 53). Many prominent families throughout Italy commissioned public art to display their wealth and power. What is more, the vigorous humanist movement helped the Renaissance establish strong roots in Italy. According to Soppy (2009), humanism can be defined as a movement that encouraged the study of the form and content of classical learning and that movement was the core of the Renaissance (p. 71 â€Å"Italian society was characterized by a revival of antiquity, specifically the classical world of Greece and Rome† (Krebs, 2009). Renaissance humanists were fascinated with the study of ancient Greece and Rome, and civic humanists played a significant role of putting their knowledge of the classics to practical use for their communities. Ultimately, Italy’s abundant wealth is what would stimulate the development of the Renaissance. During the fifteenth century, Europe depended on Italy for much of its commerce (Cook, 2014). This enabled the Italians to take the lead in areas such as banking, trade, and manufacturing, and therefore became â€Å"the most urbanize and prosperous people of Europe† (Soppy, 2009, p. ). Italians were able to use their wealth and prosperity to support the arts. Italy was fortunate to have several factors working to promote the growth of the Renaissance. Were it not for Tit’s favorable geography, unique political climate, progressive social movements, and healthy economy, the Renaissance may not have had the success and advancem ents that it enjoyed during the fourteenth and fifteenth century. 2. Compare and contrast the motives and actions of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England in bringing about religious change during the Reformation. How were they different? Did they share any similarities? In Europe, the sixteenth century was a time of tremendous change. The most revolutionary event was the Reformation. Martin Luther and King Henry VIII of England had different motives, but both brought about religious change during the Reformation. Martin Luther was born in the German states in 1483 to Hans and Margaret. Hans Luther was a miner, and Martin grew up in a working-class household. Lather’s parents, determined for him to become a lawyer, enrolled him in the local school in 1492 (soppy, 2009, p. 165). Luther attended the university of Revert in 1501 here he studied the typical liberal arts curriculum, receiving his Bachelors degree in 1 502 and Master’s in 1 505 (History. Com Staff, 2009). One day, ether’s whole life changed when he was nearly struck by lightning. Luther swore he would become a monk if he made it through the storm and days later joined the Sustaining Hermit monastery. At the age of thirty-four, Martin Luther became convinced he found the answer to the question that had troubled him for many years. Luther believed that faith in God, rather than good works, was the key to achieving grace. During the same period the Catholic Church was selling indulgences, instead of having people do good works, with the promise that it would shorten the amount of time they spent in purgatory (Soppy, 2009, p. 167). Because Luther believed God saved people through his gift of faith, he saw the sale of indulgences as a corrupt practice by the Catholic Church. When Luther nailed the â€Å"Ninety-Five Theses† to the church door, he had hoped to start an academic debate (Soppy, 2009, p. 168). He had no idea they would spark the Reformation. King Henry VIII was born in 1491 at Greenwich Palace in England. He was the second son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York (BBC History, 2014). Henry VII was required to get a special papal dispensation from pope Julius II in order for his son to be able to marry Catherine of Argon, the widow of Henrys older brother Arthur (Soppy, 2009, p. 229). King Henry VIII married Catherine and began his reign in 1509. In 1 527, after eighteen years of marriage, Henry wanted a divorce from Queen Catherine (Soppy, 2009, p. 229). She had only been able to bear him one surviving child, a daughter, and he desperately wanted a male heir. Martin Luther and King Henry Vic’s motives for reform came from entirely efferent sources. Luther disagreed with the papacy over the doctrine that allowed the selling of indulgences. He also believed that salvation was achieved by faith alone. Coming from a working-class background, Luther did not want to see the congregation being taken advantage of by the clergy. Henry VIII wanted to separate from the Catholic Church because he desired to marry Anne Bobble, who promised to bear him sons (Soppy, 2009, p. 231). King Henry asked pope Clement VII to grant him an annulment. Pope Clement refused because he was unwilling to admit the original dispensation Pope Julius II had granted for their marriage was illegal (Soppy, 2009, p. You read "Renaissance" in category "Papers" 31). Henry split from the church to fulfill his matrimonial plans and to take the wealthy lands of all the English monasteries. Unlike Luther, King Henrys motives for reform were purely selfish. Both Martin Luther and Henry VIII achieved separation from the Catholic Church. While Luther separated while trying to reform due to his dissatisfaction with corrupt church practices, Henry VIII separated purposefully for his selfish desires. Although they were very different men, Martin Luther and King Henry VIII were both influential in he Reformation movement, and their actions can still be felt today. . Analyze the aims, methods, and degree of success of the Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) in the sixteenth century. What did the Catholic Church do to reform itself and respond to the spread of Protestantism? In what ways did it both succeed and fail in achieving its goals? At the start of the sixteenth century, people such as John Calvin and Martin Luther began questioning the practices of the Catholic Church. By challenging the church doctrine with his â€Å"Ninety-Five Theses†, Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation. By the mid-sixteenth century, the papacy realized it needed to reform church practices and respond to the Protestant challenge. The Counter-Reformation was a way for the Roman Catholic Church to re-establish itself. The aim of the Counter-Reformation in Europe was to end the Protestant Reformation and rebuild the power of the Catholic Church through reform, religious orders, and education. The Counter- Reformation was successful in saving the integrity of the Roman Catholic Church, but states where the government adopted Protestantism remained. In order for the pope to succeed in reforming the Catholic Church, he would deed support. Pope Paul Ill called the Council of Trend in December of 1545 (History Learning Site, 2014). Although it took eighteen years to conclude, the Council of Trend proved to be the most important church council in a thousand years (Soppy, 2009, p. 264). The reform council was intended to examine doctrine and reform, and was responsible for the reaffirmation and clarification of major church doctrines. In order to please the Protestants, Charles V wanted abuses looked at in hopes it would bring them back to the church (History Learning Site, 2014). The council admitted to corrupt practices thin the church and took stern measures to correct them. New laws were put in place to combat pluralism, simony, nepotism, immorality, and ignorance (Soppy, 2009, p. 265). Priests were no longer allowed to avoid church services with the reform of absenteeism. Also, the selling Of indulgences was banned. While the church had gone through many reform councils, the Council of Trend was unique in the fact that so many of its decrees were carried out and actual change was taking place in the church (Soppy, 2009, p. 265). The Council of Trend helped to solve internal problems of the Catholic Church. To improve the Catholic standing within the communities, a number of new religious orders started during the Counter- Reformation. While the founding of religious orders traditionally brought about renewal and reform for the Catholic Church, pope Innocent Ill discouraged their establishment in 121 5 in order to gain greater control over the papacy (Soppy, 2009, p. 256). The first new order established was the Thinness. The Thinness were advocates for improvement of the Catholic Church and set an example of how good priests should live and work (History Learning Site, 2014). The Ursine was an order for women that promoted he education of women and children. Even some older orders responded by modernizing themselves (History Learning Site, 2014). Education proved to be a prominent aid as well in the Catholic Reformation. Igniting Loyola founded the Society of Jesus in 1540. Loyola ensured the Jesuits were highly disciplined, and education was at the heart of the movement (History Learning Site, 2014). After many years Of training, a Jesuit Was considered prepared to carry out his work. By Alloy’s death in 1 556, there were thirty- five Jesuit colleges throughout Europe as a base for the Counter-Reformation ND the society had grown to about one thousand members (Soppy, 2009, p. 260). In the sixteenth century, the Catholic Reformation began when the Roman Catholic Church was at risk of losing its religious control in Europe. The Counter-Reformation succeeded in reducing the spread of Protestantism in Europe and was able to renew the face of Catholicism by reforming and educating the clergy, and initiating new religious orders. 4. While women were often not allowed public roles during the Renaissance and Reformation periods, there were some examples of powerful or influential women in reorient public and leadership roles. Choose three of the following and discuss the roles these women played in shaping the society and culture of their age: Queen Elizabeth I, Catherine Domenici, SST. Teresa of Avail, Christine De Pizza, Artemisia Gentiles. During the Renaissance and Reformation period, women were often not allowed to pursue public roles. Opportunities for women were severely restricted, and few had a chance to receive a proper education. Fortunately, there are a few examples of powerful or influential women such as Queen Elizabeth l, Christine De Pizza, and Artemisia Gentiles, who played prominent roles in shaping the society and culture of their age. Queen Elizabeth of England was the first daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Bobble. Elizabeth ascended the throne in 1558, and she ruled for nearly 45 years. Young Elizabeth acted swiftly, after taking the reins from her sister, to address the pressing issue of religion. At her first session in parliament, Queen Elizabeth called for the passage of the Act Of Supremacy, which re-established the Church of England (The Biography. Mom website, 2014). Elizabeth took a more moderate stance, hoping to appeal to both Protestants and Catholics. The Elizabethan settlement permitted the clergy to marry, but also continued the traditional Episcopal system (Soppy, 2009, p. 244). Her reign is sometimes known as the Golden Age because of Elizabethan us port of the arts. According to Sopp y (2009), the England of Queen Elizabeth featured remarkable literary talents such as William Shakespeare, the dramatist Christopher Marlowe, and poets Edmund Spencer, Sir Philip Sidney and his sister Mary (p. 46). When Spain set its sights on England, the English navy was able to defeat the infamous Spanish Armada in 1588 (The Biography-corn website, 2014). Elizabeth also sponsored new efforts for colonization of the New World. Queen Elizabeth provided England with a long period of stability and consistency. Christine De Pizza was an influential writer who advocated women’s rights during the Northern Renaissance. As Soppy (2009) explains, few French writers had such a significant impact on the modern world as Christine De Pizza (p. 41 Pizza was not only the first woman to write professionally, but she was also the first feminist to be published (Soppy, 2009, p. 141 Pizza began writing to support her family after her father and husband died. Her most important work, The Book Of the City of Ladies, described a world in which women were capable of doing all the work necessary to run a city (Soppy, 2009, p. 143). The book was revolutionary and was written to combat the traditional ideas that people had about women’s nature. Christine De Pizza was an influential figure who proved women could be independent and have a voice in a man’s world. Artemisia Gentiles was one of the most prominent female artists of her time. Gentiles was trained by the renowned master Aggravating, who influenced her use of light and shade to heighten emotions and her strong ensue of composition (Soppy, 2009, p. 103). In 161 1, one of her teachers and a friend of her father’s, Stagnation Tasks, raped seventeen-year-old Gentiles. Gentiles maintained during the seven-month trial, in which she was tortured with thumbscrews that Tasks was guilty of the crime (Soppy, 2009, p. 103). This traumatic event also seems to have influenced the subject matter of her paintings. Gentiles clearly identified herself with Judith, a strong biblical heroine (Soppy, 2009, p. 104). Artemisia Genteelness’s extraordinary work helped other women artists to enter a male-dominated field. While women faced many difficulties during the Renaissance and Reformation period, some were able to overcome the obstacles. Queen Elizabeth l, Christine De Pizza, and Artemisia Gentiles all overcame personal and societal struggles and played significant roles in influencing the society and culture of their age. . Within the context of the Italian Renaissance, what was humanism, and what role did humanism and humanists play in Renaissance society and culture? In what ways did Italian Renaissance humanism differ from the humanism Of Northern Europe? For centuries, mankind looked to elision and the Catholic Church for guidance and answers. In the fourteenth century, when a cultural movement know n as the Renaissance began in Italy, the qualities of humanism became more prominent. Instead of seeking supernatural explanations, humanists were using scientific and rational analysis. Within the context of the Italian Renaissance, humanism was a movement that celebrated the revival of classical study. Humanism played a pivotal role in the Italian Renaissance, influencing society and culture through art, architecture, and literature. Humanism had a profound effect on art ring the Renaissance period. Painters and sculptors began to focus more on the beauty, especially of the male human body. Michelangelo David boldly glorifies the naked human body (Soppy, 2009, p. 111). David was no longer a small effeminate boy, but a giant muscular hero. Paintings such as Michelangelo The Last Judgment also show a sharp contrast to the Middle Ages. â€Å"Medieval depictions of the last judgment generally showed figures dressed according to their social rank with Christ, the Virgin, and the apostles enthroned in heaven (Soppy, 2009, p. 98). Michelangelo painting illustrates costly undressed figures grouped together around Christ. Michelangelo even included a self-portrait as SST. Bartholomew, who was flayed alive (Soppy, 2009, p. 98). The Renaissance period also Saw a rise in portraits. In the Middle Ages, to commission a portrait of oneself was considered prideful and vain (Soppy, 2009, p. 99). With humanism shaping the Renaissance, this all changed and prominent individuals wanted to be amortized in paintings and sculptures. Just as the paintings and sculptures became more beautiful during the Renaissance, so did the architecture. The architect Leon Battista Alberta â€Å"called for the building of beautiful cities worthy of humiliatingly inclined men and women of virtue† (Soppy, 2009, p. 112). Alberta felt that architecture should be a social art, and each building should be planned in relation to its social functions and setting (Soppy, 2009, p. 1 12). While architects still used and modified classical models, they felt free to make exciting innovations (Soppy, 2009, p. 87). Architecture Of the Renaissance boldly departed from medieval styles and conventions. Likewise, literature written during the Italian Renaissance was beginning to change. Writers such s Niccole Machiavelli attempted to understand human nature. While medieval political theorists were under the agreement that politics was a branch of ethics. Niccole Machiavelli in his political book The Prince argues that since people are basically bad, rulers may have to behave inappropriately as well (Soppy, 2009, p. 81). In addition to Latin, which was the language of the Church, humanist writers began to use the vernacular. Italian Renaissance humanism differed from the humanist movement that developed in Northern Europe. While both shared a revival of classical learning, northern humanists were driven by religious ideals. Northern humanists placed more of an emphasis on man being the highest of God’s creatures (Nickels, 2000). How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays How Did the Renaissance Change Man’s View of Man? The Renaissance was a period of big change peasants become more self-sufficient. More and in European history. It was a time of intellectual more serfs gained their freedom and no longer excitement, when art and literature blossomed depended on lords. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some freed serfs migrated and groundbreaking scientific advances were made. Over the course of about 300 years , the Renaissance spread from its home base in Italy to western and northern Europe. The effect was like a sunrise making its way across the land. To understand the changes the Renaissance produced, it helps to review what European society was like before it arrived. The time period before the Renaissance is usually called the Middle Ages, which stretched from the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 CE to about 1350. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope were the primary players in Europe. The custodians of culture -that is, the people who owned most of the books and made handwritten copies of the Bible -were priests who often lived a closed existence inside the walls of monasteries. School s were few. Illiteracy was widespread. Most of the population, more than 85 percent, was peasant farmers called serfs who worked for a lord and his estate. Serfs were little more than slaves. Both serfs and their masters looked to the Catholic Church and the Bible to explain the world. The art and literature that existed focused on Jesus Christ and sin. In the sass, important changes began to happen. Improved farming methods helped to towns, where they took up trades. The number of merchants and bankers increased. Since these people needed to have an education to effectively carry on their work, literacy spread. Eventually, educated people began to question the teachings of the Church. A movement called humanism developed, which praised the beauty and intelligence of the individual. As more people became educated, humanism worked its way into the arts, literature, the sciences, and medicine. The early Renaissance was especially vigorous in the city-states of Italy -places like Rome, Venice, Florence, and Milan. The invention of he printing press in the mid-sass gave the Renaissance and humanism even more momentum. Initially, the Remains seance was an upper-middle class movement, but thanks to the mechanization of printing, shopkeepers and street sweepers were able to afford books and articles that discussed the new ideas spreading across Europe. As a result, people started to look at themselves in a new way. But what, exactly, was this new way? Examine the documents that follow and answer the question: How did the Renaissance change man ‘s view foeman ? How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays The early Renaissance began about the time Barbarian painted the Adoration of the Magi. His purpose was to use a gorgeous surface using a rainbow of colors and adding a display of gold for the aristocrats of the time. This was to separate his works from the Gothic style of the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon an artist named Mosaic began his career and changed nearly everything about painting. The frescos that he painted used episodes all In the same painting, not Just one subject. The figures were highlighted with light at an angle against a dark background, giving the illusion of a cultural relief and adding the visual effect of 3 dimensions. He used light to give human figures and fabric a form which enhanced the visual realism. The figures were arranged in a circular group, shown in a landscape with a foreground and a background with blurring lines to give distance and depth making it more realistic in nature. Mosaic also began using mathematical proportions for buildings, and figures in his compositions. This became Realism based on observation and based also on mathematics to lad the pictorial organization. Evolving from this came more 3 emotional forms, perspective which had little to do with math, and the arrangement of solid forms In space. Linear perspective began during this time as a new technique, this Is when there Is a vanishing point with receding lines. Advance used this technique In his â€Å"The Last Supper† to create a measurable realistic space which enhanced the realism of the Renaissance style. Donate was one of the finest sculptors of this period and thought methodically in a new way, the body provides the framework on which fabric drapes, therefore it must be considered first. This pioneered the â€Å"realism† in sculpture. Early Renaissance Architecture was known by the characteristics of a sculptor Fillip Brucellosis. After a trips to Rome this Artist/turned Architect began developing the system of geometric linear perspective. He also solved the architectural problem of construction of a dome for the unfinished Cathedral of Florence. This was 140 feet wide and coot not be bullet with buttresses as the smaller domes had been. He was the first person In history to accomplish building a raised dome, designed googol section, the also using a double shell to the dome with a skeleton of 24 ribs. For visual stability he added a lantern on top. This man had to invent machines to help him accomplish this feat. His style deviated from the usual series of round arches supported by flat columns with pilasters that hold a flat untreatable. The style stressed horizontals, symmetry, classical elements of the time such as Corinthian capitals, pilasters and windows topped by pediments. This man began â€Å"logic† in design and used the same clarity in the San Lorenz (Basilicas Church) and Santos Spirits (another Basilicas Church. He began changing the proportions of buildings consistently using 1:2. This meant that the nave was twice as high as it was wide and the arcade and clerestory were of equal height. In summation the height of the arcade was equal to the width of the nave. He was the first to use a Renaissance split placing faith In reason rather than emotions. Using shapes such as squares or round domes to cover space, he began a new style. The interiors of his churches used dark pilasters on light walls which Architects use proportion to create harmonium masses and special volumes. Rhythm was used in the Renaissance by Leon Battista Alberta used it to articulate the fade of the Church of Santa Andrea. The repeating vertical rhythm of pilasters marks off one quarter intervals across the front which also includes the logic as mentioned before. Surrealism was not exactly a style but a way of life. The surrealists appreciated the logic of dreams the mystery of the unconscious, and the lure of the bizarre, the irrational and the marvelous. This era began in the early sass’s and basically began with the use of real objects and transforming them into an unreal state. One example is Oppenheim Object (Luncheon in Fur), a teacup covered in fur, along with the saucer and spoon realistic but not for use. Salvador Dali was probably the most famous as one of his paintings (The Persistence of Memory) sometimes described as melted watches, the forms are precise but could not be real. It seems to portray that time stopped but is also melting away. This tends to be fantasy, which would be the opposite of the Renaissance Period which would be considered realism. Another example would be Joan Mirror’s Carnival of the Harlequin which can offer a Surrealist view off Spanish painting. This Mirror fantasy world is filled with little creatures including animals and fish, with insects and a snake or two as well as abstract forms that appear to be attending a party. The imagery here is cheerful. It is in contrast to the utter stillness of the Dali work that was mentioned before. The movement and lively dreams in this work is lighthearted and bright in color. How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays Summary about Renaissance Renaissance is the Fresh term was used to describe an entire period of rebirth – â€Å"rebirth† of ancient traditional, took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity, but transformed that tradition by the absorption of recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by application of contemporary scientific knowledge. It is the painting, sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the â€Å"Renaissance†, parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music and science. It started in Italy, take place between the 4th and 17th centuries and then spread throughout the European countries in the 16th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now It emerging as a distinct style in Italy. Renaissance art history, especially the Italian Renaissance was divided into the 3 stages: _ Early Renaissance (about 1420 – 1490/1500) High Renaissance (about 1490/1500 – 1520) Late Renaissance or Mannerism The first stage of the Renaissance starting from the city of Firemen (Florence) with the statue of Denotable, Gibber picture of the relief, frescoes by Mosaic and the construction of Fillips Brucellosis. The second stage of the Renaissance. This stage was the peak of the Renaissance. This is the time to reach perfection and harmony. The central of this period is the city of Rome of Pope. This is a time of architectural sketches for the church of SST. Peter in Rome Aberrant, the most famous paintings of Leonardo ad Vinci, Raffle’s, statues and frescoes of Michelangelo and the works of Albrecht etchings Udder. After that period is the Late Renaissance or Mannerism is characterized by many different art trends. Mannerism tends to overstate the treasures of the Renaissance shape (Ex: describing the human body in some actives). The last stage of the Late Renaissance period gradually transformed into Baroque style. But the Renaissance did not occur in a pattern quite similar across Europe. In the spirit of the Renaissance and the early start blooming in Italy in particular, are all influential in painting, sculpture and architecture is not until about 1500 or later Renaissance began in the North of Europe and also the dominant one, and brought several national character. In countries other than Italian architecture and sculpture is influenced more painting. During this period appeared many famous characters tit the works left a huge impact on humanity in all fields of painting, architecture and sculpture,†¦ In which have to mention to painter Raphael, one of the three artists had a great influence to the Renaissance art. Rafael Sansei ad Robin or Raphael Sansei (1483 – 1520), was born in eastern Italy. He was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Napoleonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo ad Vinci, he forms the rotational trinity of great masters of that period. Different from Leonardo and Michelangelo, Raphael is a person knows how to combine both the most difficult combination: ancient traditions and contemporary, the legendary life, sanctity close to earth And with this combination that made the immortal works with the layout synthesis monumental nature of the Renaissance style. Raphael was a student of painter Pitter Perusing (1450-1523). In the first period, he painted many paintings are influenced by teachers, such as: SST. Niccole (Saint Niccole ad Titillation Altarpiece 1 501 . Museum of Captioned, Naples); Jesus crucified on the cross (The Crucifixion 1502 . National Gallery London);†¦ In 1504, when he was 21 years old, he went to Florence and meticulous study about the works of earlier masters. He met Leonardo ad Vinci and Michelangelo in here. During 4 years in Florence, Raphael painted many paintings, including the famous paintings such as Notre Dame and two lines with 5 holy throne (the Madonna and Child enthroned with Saints 5- 1505. Metropolitan Museum, New York), SST. Michael and the dragon (Saint Michael and the Dragon – 1505. Louvre, Paris), Portrait of Angelo Don (Portrait of Angelo Don 1506. Patti Gallery, Florence), hypertension (The entombment in 1507. Division competition Brothers, Rome) In 1508, Raphael was invited to work in Rome by Pope Julius II. In here, he has many world-famous works such as debate sacramental (Dispute 1509-1510, Vatican, Rome), Athens School (The School of Athens, 1510-1511. Vatican, Rome). Especially the 1 series is very beautiful religious paintings: Lady Alba (the Alba Madonna. 1511. Washington National Gallery), most notably painting Lady Sistine (The Sistine Madonna, 1512-1513. Dressed Museum) . This masterpiece is the culmination and summary of Christian paintings. In 1512, Raphael painted the Sistine Dame cathedral Saint Sixth. He painted the Sistine Dame cathedral Saint Sixth. The painting is balanced composition, with 6 characters clever, creating sustainable stability triangle as desired longevity of the church. The peak stately and imposing is also the focus of the painting is the Virgin Mary holding the Child Jesus expresses the psychological shadow deeply through, demeanor, eye contact, such as a human prediction born to do great things extraordinary. Raphael used the art space, light and dark, color creates a halo around Mary and the Child Jesus and the direction it faces two SST. Barbara Saint Sixth and to the Lord, to honor Mary and Baby Jesus, all floating in the foreground may. Ben picture below is the upstream direction by two angels. Color paintings portray a solemn but very close. This painting is a great summation of Raphael on the subject of religion and love to your mother ever after no one could pass. â€Å"Sistine Madonna† by Raphael, from 1754 has been moved to Dressed, Germany. And, since then, it is seen as a symbol of this city. How to cite Renaissance, Papers Renaissance Free Essays Renaissance 14th-17th Century -meaner â€Å"revival†, also, ‘rebirth’ revival of interest in ancient Greek, Roman culture, humanist scholars attempted to rid feudal Europe of Church domination and conservatism -old sciences revived, new science emerged -national languages and cultures took shape, free from Roman Church authority—art and literature flourished -began in Florence Italy, spread to all of Europe Due to its geographic position, foreign trade and commerce developed in Italy. – accumulation of wealth Rise of Humanism As wealth accumulated in Italy, an increased interest in other things. Nun, academies, libraries, study. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Time and money for things of beauty. Intellectuals freed from training of priests and spreading Christian faith, began to represent the views of the bourgeoisie, providing middle class with new philosophies and ideas – . –heart humanist philosophy † The greatness of man†. See page 131, Shakespeare quotation —promotion of wealth, pleasure, admiration for human body medieval brooding about death and ‘other world’ replaced by interest in living for resent and future progress of mankind. Literature Vacation â€Å"Dodecahedron†-tale of 7 women and 3 men on way to escape Black Death. Witty, naughty, praise of true love, wisdom. Began to express the voices of modern society. Considered greatest prose achievement in medieval literature. Patriarch- â€Å"Canneries† book of lyrical songs. His works expressed ‘true’ emotions. Art A break with medieval tradition at end of 13th c. Slowed up by Black Death. Revived Early 1 5th century, a decided break with medieval tradition. -art broke away from Church domination –artists, considered craftsman by church, became distinct class like writers and poets—those considered to do ‘noble’ work. —themes once focused on Bible, now reflected an interest/appreciation for all aspects of man and nature. Reflected reality in depiction—muscles, sinews, and so on . Artists studied ruins of ancient roman and Greek temples, putting many of the perceived principles of ancient civilization into their works. Also, individual collectors began to support them—rather than Church exclusively. -introduced into the works, scientific theories and principles of anatomy and proportion. Early artists Sotto?more realistic depiction of space Donated—sculptor, sought to intro. Ancient principles into his work, also engaged in anatomy for knowledge of body. â€Å"David†, a biblical hero in perfect proportions. High Renaissance Leonardo dad Vinci â€Å"Renaissance man† Scientist, architect, engi neer, sculptor. â€Å"Mona Lisa†, â€Å"Last Supper† 2 of the most famous paintings in world. Scientist, architect, engineer, sculptor. Michelangelo sculptor, painter, architect, poet went beyond decoration and realism, sought freedom of expression. â€Å"David†, â€Å"Sistine Chapel† Raphael Sweetness of temper, harmony, balance Series of Madonna paintings, † School of Athens†Ã¢â‚¬â€depicting Plato and Aristotle arguing, surrounded by audience in variety of postures. Titian Great colorist, became a model for the later modern mode of painting. Also established oil paint on canvas as the typical medium in western art â€Å"Reclining Nude†, â€Å"Sacred and profane love†. How to cite Renaissance, Papers

Health of Older Adults for Economic Conditions- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth of Older Adults for Economic Conditions. Answer: Introduction Old age does not have a specific definition but is characterized by incapacity of a person to perform the previous obligations, coming across new roles, or inability to make active assistances to society (World Health Organization, 2001). Nowadays, retirement does not mean that a person has become old. Therefore, various strategies and policies have been commenced by the government of few countries in order to help old people getting online and becoming familiar with digital services (Department for Works and Pension, 2015). Now old age is no longer the phase where a person becomes dependent on others instead older adults have the energy to work longer and make required contributions to the society. In simple words, life expectancy is the average life span for which an individual may expect to survive if the mortality pattern and other conditions remain same as that on the time of its birth. With the passage of time, the life expectancy of older adults in every country has positively increased as result of changes in social, economic and political environment and circumstances (Turley Thompson, 2013). For example, let us take two countries- New Zealand and India. Comparison between New Zealand and India on the basis of Life Expectancy The life expectancy data around the world has subsequently changed overtime. A lot of factors which affect life expectancy data such as regional variations, economic conditions, gender, mental illness and other illness like diabetes, obesity, etc. The measurement of life expectancy is made in accordance with the factors prevailing at the time of birth of an individual and therefore, it is referred to as life expectancy at birth (LEB). The derivation of Life expectancy at birth is made after consideration of variety of statistics and reports such as Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Census Reports, Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme and many more. The increase in life expectancy is the result of improved lifestyle, better standard of living and greater literacy (OECD, 2016). The data provided by the World Bank clearly demarcates increase in life expectancy over a period of time. In the year 1960, New Zealand had a total (both male and female) life expectancy at birth of 71.24 years with 68.7 years for males and 73.9 years for females. India faced a below average life expectancy at birth in the year 1960. The males in India had a life expectancy at birth of 41.8 years and for females it was 40.4 years with a total (both male and female) life expectancy at birth of 41.1 years. The newest data delivered by the World Bank is for the year 2015. There has been a significant change in the data overtime and the change is positive and progressive for both the countries i.e. - New Zealand and India. The data for the year 2015 for New Zealand reports that that life expectancy at birth for males have increased to 79.7 years while for females it has increased to 83.2 years with a total life expectancy at birth (both male and female) of 81.4 years. Similarly, India has also made progress with the increase in life expectancy at birth for males to 66.9 years and for females to 66.9 years. With this, the total life expectancy increased to 68.3 years (World Bank, 2017). Factors that influence Life Expectancy for people in New Zealand and India The life expectancy at birth of an individual is influenced by a variety of factors like earnings, standard of living, education, accommodation, diet and many more (Guilmoto Jones, 2015). The World Health Organization specifies that a persons health is equally affected and determined by its physical, social and economic environment and the conducts and individualities of an individual (World Health Organization, 2017). Life expectancy in New Zealand is affected by lower income of people due to which the necessities of life become out of their reach leading to poor quality of life and malnutrition. Moreover, regional variations have a great impact on the life expectancy as some regions are rich in some economic resources which while some are rich in other. There are basically socio-economic inequalities in health of Maori and non- Maori people in New Zealand (Wepa, 2015). Furthermore, religious beliefs and gender roles further extend the health inequalities between the two groups. The access to such resources and living in areas around them increase the life expectancy of a person (Ministry of Social Development, 2009). Major diseases suffered by the people in New Zealand are obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of such diseases can be reduced by participating in physical activities along with a healthy and nourishing diet which will consequently lead to increased life expectancy and a be tter life. Alcohol consumption affects health and increases the chances of death due to road accidents. Males in New Zealand suffer from a higher mortality rates and smaller life expectancy than females. India is still in its developing phase thereby is still struggling with a number of factors like poor sanitation, low literacy rate, malnutrition, etc. The factors affecting life expectancy also involve family background, economic status, edification, drug use, smoking and consumption of alcohol (International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2014). The government of India has become successful to some extent in addressing some major issues like poor sanitation, unawareness among females regarding health issues, inaccessibility of pure drinking water, etc. These issues were a cause of poor health standards in India. Moreover, Malnutrition is also a cause of organ failure and death in older adults as this severely affects their heath. Also, there are various causes of death such as cancer, road accidents, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, tuberculosis, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc.(ICICI Lombard, 2013). These causes of death are one of the major factors that affect the life expectancy in India. As far as rural India is concerned, high infant mortality rate is still a major consideration. Moreover, lower literacy rate is the major reason due to which such issues remains unsolved. Lack of education contributes towards lack of awareness regarding health care which significantly lead towards low life expectancy in India. Although, steps have been taken towards resolving this issue such that awareness towards health care can be increased along with increase in life expectancy. He Korowai Oranga: Maori Health Strategy (2013/2014) He Korowai Oranga simply means the cloak of wellness (Marc, 2009). This strategy for Maori health was supposed to be implemented by the health and disability sector of New Zealand in order to get the best health results for Maori who suffered from severe health inequalities (Kirch, 2008). This Maori health strategy highlights three important themes- firstly, the reduction of dissimilarities between health of two groups- Maori and non- Maori, maintaining and keeping up the progress made in Maori health and lastly, rangatiratanga (control) to be achieved by Maori over their own lives (Jones, 2014). Rangatiratanga- Rangatiratanga allowed various groups like iwi, Maori, hapu and whanau to become capable of having control over their own lives, health and wellbeing along with providing them ways so that they can form their own communities and organizations and thereby encouraging their development (McCarthy, 2016). Maintaining and keeping up the progress made in Maori health- He Korowai Oranga is a strategy for making improvements in the Maori Health. The theme of this strategy specifies for keeping up these improvements and considering the improvements already made as the base for the accomplishment in Maori and whanau ora results. Ministry of Health is responsible along with some other respective organizations for upholding the progress made and making attempts for improving it further. Reduction of Inequalities- The socioeconomic differences between the health of Maori and non- Maori emerged as a challenge for the New Zealand government and health sector. For the purpose of reduction of such discrepancies, increased access to various services is planned to be provided to Maori. For this some changes and alterations were planned to be made after determining the priorities where they are required. Background and reason for the development of He Korowai Oranga Among the various groups residing in New Zealand, Maori suffered from the most underprivileged health status. The basic purpose behind the development of He Korowai Oranga is whanau ora. In general terms, whanau ora mean family health. Therefore, the strategy aimed at achieving maximum health and wellbeing results for Maori families (Ministry of Health, 2001). With the help of this strategy, whanau was expected to become confident, attain a secure identity, and achieve a control over their own prosperity along with physical and mental wellbeing. There is an influence of social and political situations on the health of Maori and other native people (Castro, Lambrick, Faulkner, Lark, Williams Stoner, 2013). The principles stated by the Treaty of Waitangi influenced He Korowai Oranga in some areas (Palmer, 2008). These principles were fixed within the strategy for better results (Came, H., McCreanor, Doole Rawson, 2016). These principles were- protection (protection of Maori values and assurance regarding reduction in health differences), partnership (partnership among groups like hapu, whanau, Maori and iwi for improving Maori health) and participation (Maori participation in different stages of planning and development of various health services) (Manley, McCormack Wilson, 2013). Comparison of the theme of the strategy with the international perspective of the same/ similar theme With the increase in worldwide health inequalities, health inequalities are being suffered by various social groups. Due to this the socio- economic status of a person is reduced and makes a person vulnerable to diseases and poor health. The present state is a matter of concern and required to be resolved to reduce the unfairness. International and national engagements are essential for the purpose of redressal of such severe inequalities among health status of different groups (Szende, Janssen Cabases, 2014). Healthy Eating- Healthy Action: Oranga Kai- Oranga Pumau also known as HEHA Strategy was one of the strategies with similar theme as that of He Korowai Oranga Strategy. The basic purpose of this theme was national obesity prevention by creating responsiveness towards healthy eating and attachment towards family (sense of whanaungatanga) among the various groups (Ministry of Health, 2007). Even after years of discussion about poor health of Maori, data in the year 2011 still came out with differences among two groups. The health dissimilarities between Maori and non- Maori lead to lower life expectancy of Maori males and females i.e. 73.3 years and 77.6 years as against the life expectancy of non-Maori male and females which was 79.9 years and 84.4 years. Such inequities are also the result of diseases like diabetes, cancer, obesity and vascular disorders which reduce the overall life of an individual. Although, slowly and gradually people have started living a healthier life and there is a positive trend in the health conditions of various groups around the world. But some of the health problems still remain unaddressed which are required to be removed with immediate action. More strategies are required in this regard so that discrepancies in health is across the world is altogether eliminated (McPake, Normand Smith, 2013).. References Came, H., McCreanor, T., Doole, C., Rawson, E. (2016). The New Zealand Health Strategy 2016: whither health equity?.The New Zealand medical journal,129(1447), 72-77. Castro, N., Lambrick, D. M., Faulkner, J., Lark, S., Williams, M. A., Stoner, L. (2013). Decreasing the Cardiovascular Disease Burden in M?ori Children: The Interface of Pathophysiology and Cultural Awareness.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis,20(11), 833-834. Department for Work Pensions. (2015). 2010 to 2015 government policy: older adult. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-older-people/2010-to-2015-government-policy-older-people Guilmoto, C.Z. Jones, G. W. (2015). Contemporary Demographic Transformations in China, India and Indonesia. Springer. ICICI LOMBARD. (2013). Whats Killing India? Knowing Top 10 Killer Death Diseases in India. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://www.icicilombard.com/health_insurance_info/Knowing-top-10-killer-death-diseases-in-India.html Jones, B. (2014). Guest editorial: How can nurses respond to Maori health disparities in Aotearoa/New Zealand?.Kai Tiaki Nursing Research,5(1), 3. Kirch, W. (2008). Encyclopedia of Public Health. Springer Science Business Media. Manley, K., McCormack, B. Wilson, V. (2013). International Practice Development in Nursing and Healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Marc, A. (2009). Delivering Services in Multicultural Societies. World Bank Publications. McCarthy, C. (2016). Museums and Maori: Heritage Professionals, Indigenous Collections, Current Practice. Routledge. McPake, B., Normand, C., Smith, S. (2013).Health economics: an international perspective. Routledge. Ministry of Health. (2001). He Korowai Oranga- Maori Health Strategy Discussion Document. Retrieved on October 10, 2017, from https://www.moh.govt.nz/notebook/nbbooks.nsf/0/af7785c39a64d0c6cc256a4c006ec22d/$FILE/maorihealthstratdisc.pdf. Ministry of Health. (2007). Healthy Eating, Healthy Action: Progress on Implementing the HEHA Strategy 2007. Ministry of Health. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2016). Life Expectancy at birth. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm. Palmer, M. (2008). The Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand's Law and Constitution. Victoria University Press. Panigrahi, D. N. (2014). Life Expectancy in India: Contributing Factors. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development. vol 3(12). pp. 249-253. Szende, A., Janssen, B., Cabases, J. (Eds.). (2014).Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D(pp. 132-6). Springer Netherlands. The World Bank. (2017). Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Retrieved on October25, 2007 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=IN-NZ Turley, J. Thompson, J. (2013). Nutrition Your Life Science. Cengage Learning. Wepa, D. (2015). Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. World Health Organization. (2001). Indicators for the Minimum Data Set Project on Ageing: A Critical Review in sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved on October 25, 2017, from https://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageing_mds_report_en_daressalaam.pdf World Health Organization. (2017). Health Impact Assessment (HIA). Retrieved on October 11, 2017, from https://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/.